Genetic marker

An article in the Smithsonian describes how scientists in a Chinese genomics institute used a common gene editing enzyme called TALENs to create micropigs, which weigh about 33 pounds at maturity. These micropigs were first created to study the human stomach bacteria and new medications, which can help answer questions about the human body itself. By using an enzyme to stop the pigs from growing, the researchers altered their DNA, which would then be passed down to their offspring. This is related to our enzyme unit, where we learned that enzymes can only break down specific substrate. By adding an enzyme that did not match the substrates used for the growth hormone receptors, the pigs growth hormone receptors stopped working, resulting in the micropigs to stop growing. This can not only be used for scientific purposes, but also public uses, like changing the color and pattern of the pigs’ coats, as mentioned at the end of the article. The breeding of the micropigs first began when they were being used to research human stomach bacteria and new medications, for they are physiologically close to humans. This then led into creating the micropigs to be pets for the public, which would help fund the institute’s research. By using a small Bama pig, weighing around 70-100 pounds, the researchers were able to use a common gene editing enzyme called TALENs to disable the growth hormone receptors of the cloned pig. This will then result in a pig that has been genetically modified to…

personal territories, and they are sensitive when their personal territories have been violated. Moreover, people’s reactions toward these violations are different; they may withdraw, defend, insulate, or experience linguistic collusion. People also extend their personal territory when they feel threatened or stressed. This defense helps them feel safe. Interpersonal distance is linked to personal territory. In a relatively limited space, the larger distance you have with others, the larger…

Introduction The goal of this paper is to pinpoint a small feature that make a tiny bit of my own idiolect by comparing the feature to other Linguistic study based literature. The topic I have chosen is based on fillers, which includes filler words, filler sounds, or discourse-new markers. Fillers are commonly used by speakers in conversations to notify the listener that the speaker has pause to think before speaking again. Some examples of fillers in English includes sounds like Uh or Um, or…

I investigated termite behaviors by testing how long it took for the termites to choose between a blue sharpie and a black ink pen. I wanted to test whether or not the termites prefered to approach a black ink or a blue sharpie? My hypothesis, was does the color preference of the termites affect their behavior? I predicted that if the termites follow the blue sharpie, then they will remain in their enclosed area and won’t wander away. Prior to this experiment, I made preliminary observations…

Leroy et al. (2000) used 4 microsatellite primers to characterise Brassica oleracea accessions. Among the 136 reproducible fragments generated, 25 (18.4%) fragments were common for all Brassica, 27 (19.9%) were unique and 84 (61.7%) were phylogenetically informative. Flannery et al. (2006) assessed polymorphisms in Brassica, Arabidopsis, Camelina, Raphanus and Sinapis using 10 plastid SSR primer sets. Eight loci were polymorphic, and separated the individuals of Brassicaceae into taxon-specific…

Finding species-specific markers within the genomes of organisms has proven to be an important practice in determining the dividing lines between species. Much of the subject of molecular genetics involves the determination of ancestry as well as common ancestry between species. Using molecular genetics, the concept of phylogenetic species has proven to be one of the more effective methods of differentiating between the species. For example, while other species classifier methods have had…

testing, typing, is a process that takes genetic material and evaluates it so that it can identify individuals in a criminal investigation or in use of a forensic application. The beginning step of the performance of DNA analysis on a reference sample or person is the collection of DNA from cells. These cells can come from a blood sample or even swabbing the inside of an individual’s cheek. After it is collected, the samples are then sent to a lab for the further steps of DNA analysis. There are…

in the use of genetic information, including the potential for genetic discrimination in employment and insurance”, “Ethical issues surrounding the design and conduct of genetic research with people, including the process of informed consent”, and “The education of healthcare professionals, policy makers, students, and the public about genetics and the complex issues that result from genomic research” (12). One of the many issues that arose with the popularity of genetic testing and gene therapy…

(2014) conducted GWAS of 282 soybean breeding lines for resistance to SCN HG Type 0 using the USLP 1.0 SNP arrays (Hyten et al. 2010). The authors detected a significant association between markers and the known gene regions but no novel regions were detected. Han et al. (2015) identified 19 association signals significantly related to resistance to SCN HG Types 0 (race 3) and 1.2.3.5.7 (race 4) as well as over 130 new sources of SCN resistance. Among the significant signals, eight were…

thaliana. by marker sequences from important B. napus QTL for seed weight, along with comparative mapping data, we were able to navigate to potential orthologous genome regions in A. thaliana. this helps us to identify 29 promising candidate genes with supposed physical linkage to homologous Brassica genome regions involved in seed weight. Our results suggest the following 9014 homologous genes were mapped in the CIs of 47 QTLs. A large number of important genes were found to be candidate genes…