Genetic diversity

Carol W.Greider is a biologist who discovered something very important. When she completed her Ph.D. from the university of Cal Berkeley She then went of into researching of the cell. She then saw a thing called a telomerase that can cause cancer if destroyed. She was researching in Long Island, New York when she discovered a protein that stops telomerase from disintegrating. She then got the nobel peace prize for discovering that in the year 2009. Carol Greider was born in San Diego she then…

The phrase “designer babies” refers to genetic interventions into pre-implantation embryos in the attempt to infl uence the traits the resulting children will have. At present, this is not possible, but many people are horrifi ed by the mere thought that parents might want to choose their children’s genes, especially for non-disease traits. I want to argue that the objections are usually not well articulated, and that even when they are, it’s far from obvious that such interventions would be…

last few years, a new development has been found for those with degenerative diseases: Stem Cells. To understand how stem cells work, first we have to understand how a degenerative disease works. Most degenerative diseases are caused though one’s genetics. This makes certain people more likely to gain one. Their typical characteristics include continuous processes which over time deteriorate one’s tissues, organs, and other places. Because it is caused by one’s genes, traditional medicine cannot…

It seems every other week there’s a new article on how scientists should escape the ivory tower and reach out to the “general public.” A lack of public trust in scientists is leading to problems such as delayed action on climate change. In many ways, social media has been a boon, allowing scientists to open the door and bring the public into the ivory tower to poke at our pipettes and scales, smell the chemicals and bobcat urine, taste the day-old coffee and stale pizza, and listen to the…

Imagine a world where any medical ailment, whether it’s cancer or the common cold, can be cured. Broken bones are as easy to fix as a small scrape, and diseases like AIDS that kill white blood cells and weaken the immune system are not as life threatening as they used to be. While this fantasy world isn’t a reality, it could be. Enter the stem cell: An amazing feat of the human body. These cells can become any cell in the human body, from skin tissue to brain cells. Unfortunately, the cells…

Function of potyvirus proteins The Potyviruses genome contains one open reading frame (ORF) which is translated as a large polyprotein (between 340k and 368k), that is cleaved into 10 functional proteins (Riechmann et al., 1992) such as: Protein P1, HC-Pro, P3 protein, CI, NIa , NIb, 6K1, 6K2, VPg. The potyviral P1 protein is a serine protease that cleaves at its own C-terminus (Verchot et al., 1991). This is the most divergent potyviral protein in size (30-63 kDa) and sequence except protease…

1.) Three abiotic factors are energy, climate and weather. Three biotic factors are plants, animals and bacteria. 6.) Natural selection is the process that determines which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation. Genes that are advantageous are more likely to be passed on. Death is part of the process of natural selection, species which fail die. The number of offspring, pass on the beneficial genes to the organism. 13.) Parasitism, mutualism and…

A prion is a infectious protein agent and the specific name of prion in BSE is PrP scrapie(PrPSc). The normal protein that is being acted upon by the protein is called cellular prion protein(PrPc). Prions are a problem because they are an abnormal form of a normal protein that is misfolded without an immune response. The strings of amino acids are put together to make proteins inside cell. Then they are then pushed together and folded into a framework letting them function properly. These prion…

Huntington’s Disease What is Huntington’s? A family passed down disease which is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by the onset of Chorea and Dementia after the ages of 40-50? Signs of initial onset of the disease include paranoia, poor impulse control, depression, hallucinations, and delusions. Over time, there will be an intellectual impairment, loss of fine motor control, athetosis, and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops. Normally, an individual will end up…

1000 somatic cells as an adult, C. elegans is amenable to genetic crosses and produces a large number of progeny, at times even exceeding 1000 per adult, with a life cycle of up to 3 days, under optimal conditions There are two known sexes of C. elegans, a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite (XX) and a male (XO). Self-fertilization of the hermaphrodite leads to genetically identical progeny…