Gene

Down’s syndrome is a very common genetic disorder in babies in today’s society. A genetic disorder is a condition that is caused by an absent, an inactive gene or by a chromosomal abnormality (Dictionary, 2016). Down’s syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21 in the genome in an individual. The extra chromosome causes moderate intellectual disability. The extra chromosome can also result in an error in cell division. The error is usually prior to fertilization but for some reason nobody…

The term is not used by the Doctors, because many parents find it offensive, but “the term designer babies was added to the Oxford Dictionary in 2004" (Lerner). IVF comes after the embryo is created in the lab with the desired genes. Louis Brown was the first IVF baby to be born, he is also known as the first "test tube baby." The designer babies are not usually the ones engineered to not get disease, but the ones engineered to be a girl and have blue eyes. Genetic engineering…

assist with gene transfer in artificially induced transformation. In this lab, a previously made plasmid called pGLO was used to conduct the transformation process into Escherichia coli (E. coli). pGLO carries several genes such as β-lactamase, green fluorescent protein, origin of replication, and transcriptional regulator gene that affects transformation. For instance, the β-lactamase gene (bla) gives the transformed bacteria resistance to ampicillin. The green fluorescent protein gene (gfp)…

especially in those in which consanguineous marriage is common. WD is frequently estimated to be around 1 in 5,000 or 1 in 30,000. The carriers' frequency, however, is around 1 in 90(6). There are various defects that have been identified in the ATP7B Genes associated with Wilson's disease patients, most of those defects are found in the transmembrane region of the associated protein. The defects include insertion, deletion, splice site and point mutations. Many of the mutations identified have…

2011). Starting with embryonic development, scientist have studied how genes direct the development of a single cell embryo to a mature…

Sperm containing the Y chromosome with a properly functioning SRY gene determines male gender, and if contains the genetic material of the X chromosome is shaped female. The presence of the SRY gene is the basic criterion of gender gene in humans. Discovered in 1990 by a group of P. Goodfellow from the University of Cambridge ,SRY gene is called the "central switch of the masculinity" and is located on the short arm of the Y chromosome locus…

The 20th century saw a series of remarkable discoveries that changed the face of medical practice. Among the most important was the discovery of antimicrobial agents, beginning with the synthesis of arsphenamine by Paul Ehrlich as the century dawned [1]. With this discovery, the dreaded scourge of syphilis was brought under control, although not eradicated. However, the toxicity of the drug made it less than ideal as an antimicrobial agent. Shortly thereafter, optochin (ethyl cupreine) was tried…

Natural selection could soon be in the hands of humans. In the 1970s, scientists began to isolate certain genes in DNA for the first time. Gene therapy arose in the 1980s as more researchers became curious. Gene therapy is defined as a "technique where the genes causing a defect are themselves substituted by correct genes in the patient to cure a disease" (Macer, 1990). Natural selection is the process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive and therefor, reproduce…

speciation, conservation of species, difference in gene composition, variations in gene expression, neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization, and…

“+DNA,” the other with “-DNA.” They were both filled with different bacteria. More specifically, the “+DNA” tube had pGFP in it and included a plasmid. Included on that plasmid were two genes: gfp (gene for green fluorescent protein) and an ampicillin resistant gene. The gfp gene makes cells glow and the resistant gene fights against ampicillin, which kills cells. This plasmid DNA was added to half of the cells before both tubes went through a competency process. These tubes were incubated on…