Gene Yang

1) A.) The specific DNA changes caused by the delta F508 mutation, include a production of the abnormal cystic fibrosis protein. This mutation can only be inherited if both genes in pair of DNA carry the cystic fibrosis mutation. The specific mutation functions as a chloride channel, that has an abnormal amount of salt and water balance. Normally a chloride channel would help to maintain the right balance salt and water inside a cell, but those mutated with F508 mutation, are imbalanced causing…

The nucleus, controlling all of the cell's activities and containing its genetic information, remains the most important organelle of the cell today. Although the first observations of the nucleus can be dated back to the 1700s, Robert Brown is often the man given credit for its discovery. In 1831, he noticed an opaque mark in a plant cell. Brown was not aware at the time, but he had sparked thought for many scientists. Soon it was discovered that the nucleus could be found in more than just…

Wow we can maybe see a wooly mammoth on the streets!Scientist are trying to bring back extinct animals.This could be the best thing of genetic engineering for scientists they are working very hard to bring back extinct animals.This is a very hard process you need DNA and you need the animal to be frozen and need something close to the wooly mammoth and need to restore the DNA lost the closest relative is the elephant. It is a very good idea we killed them we should bring them back but it will be…

Lecture 11 of BIO687 8. Describe the possible errors that affect translation. ORF is a continued uninterrupted sequence on mRNA that encodes the protein through codon. So the remove, insert, replace of the gene will influence the translation result. These errors will make the order of the sequence on ORF changed. While the sequence change, the tRNA can read different amino acid on mRNA. Such as a sequence is AUCCGCUAC, and it code for Ile, Arg and Tyr. 1…

with their own DNA. The purpose of this technique is to introduce a foreign plasmid into the bacteria E. coli. A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule that contains important genetic information for the growth of bacteria. Some plasmids carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other traits that increase the cell’s ability to grow in a particular…

Down’s syndrome is a very common genetic disorder in babies in today’s society. A genetic disorder is a condition that is caused by an absent, an inactive gene or by a chromosomal abnormality (Dictionary, 2016). Down’s syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21 in the genome in an individual. The extra chromosome causes moderate intellectual disability. The extra chromosome can also result in an error in cell division. The error is usually prior to fertilization but for some reason nobody…

Edwards' syndrome, also known as Trisomy 18 is considered a chromosomal condition where there are abnormalities in certain parts of the body. People with Trisomy 18, often have slow growth in the wound (intrauterine growth retardation). These newborns usually have heart defects and other defects throughout the child’s body. This also includes a small shaped head, a small mouth and jaw, and sometimes overlapping fingers and small hands. Children with Trisomy 18 usually die within their first…

CRISPR Cas9 CRISPR Cas9 is a gene editing tool that can be used to edit, delete, and change parts of the genome. What makes CRISPR Cas9 different from other gene editing techniques such as Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) or Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) is its targeting efficiency ability. For example, ZFNs and TALENs could only reach targeting efficiencies from 1% to 50% in human cells. On the other hand, CRISPR Cas9 had a much higher rate at greater than 70% in Zebrafish…

Chemotaxis is the directional migration of cells in response to a chemical stimulus. The movement of these cells can either be directed towards favourable chemicals (chemoattractants) or unfavourable chemicals (chemorepellents). In particular, sugars and amino acids can attract many species of bacteria via chemotaxis, and the main method used to identify these chemicals is an assay that uses a glass capillary (Abe et al., 2017). In the capillary assay, the outer chamber contains mobile cells…

Huntington’s disease (HD) is one of many neurological conditions that exist and is prevalent in about 7 people per 100,000 (Lundy-Ekman, 2013, p. 245). It is more commonly seen areas of a predominantly white population, such as Europe, North America, as well as Australia, due to a higher frequency of certain alleles that are repeated in these populations (Walker, 2007, p. 221). This disease is classified as a neurodegenerative disorder, which is a term that is used to describe CNS…