Gene Yang

present in nearly all living beings. The DNA carries all the genetic information of that specific being. Humans and animal DNA was discovered to be very similar, so scientist questions what they could do with that information. In the article “ Will gene-altered athletes kill sports? Soon animal DNA could make us faster and stronger.no training needed” by Gregory M. Lamb, he wrote about how scientists are mixing human DNA with animal DNA. Even though humans share most DNA with different animals,…

leading to phosphorylation and activation of IKK. IKK phosphorylates IkB leading to its degradation and the release of NFkB which enter the nucleus. NFkB is a transcription factor that is normally found in cytoplasm. IkB activates transcription of genes for inflammatory cytokines, which are synthesized in the cytoplasm and secreted through the endoplasmic…

As in the case of swine-origin influenza A/H1N1, which is 26 caused by mutation of influenza H1N1 and has rapidly 27 spread to every continent in 2009, the emergence of new 28 organisms due to mutation can cause disturbance of exist- 29 ing ecosystems. On the other hand, even if sickle cell ane- 30 mia acts as a harmful mutation in most environments, it 31 can act as a beneficial mutant by virtue of the heterozy- 32 gote advantage and may promote human survival in 33 malaria-infested regions.…

chromosomes, one from each parent. That is 46 in each cell. Now lets call each cookbook a chromosome so that would mean each book would have two editions of 23 different books. Hope I didn’t lose you yet. To sum it all up, each recipe in the book is a gene. Can you imagine that this book collection would contain AT LEAST 30,000 recipes! So I bet you’re thinking “How does DNA work” In a particular night, when I actually wanted to cook something for once and not just rely on mine oh so…

In 1942 Germany, the Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler, wanted to create a population of what he called the “perfect race.” The “perfect race” consisted people carrying the traits of blonde hair, blue eyes, and white skin. Hitler believed that whoever carried these specific traits were superior over others. Designer babies are no different. A designer baby is created by following some certain criteria of what a person wants them to be. I believe that although there are situations in which science is…

Abstract: This paper explores and examines how migration affects a population, and how it affects the frequency or change of alleles in a population. It is asked, “How does migration affect heterozygosity in a population?” I predicted that migration increases heterozygosity in isolated populations. To explore and test out this hypothesis the moth program in the “PopGenLab” was used to carry out the experiment. What was found that migration did keep population high and kept…

who possess the Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome─GCPS. The mutation of the GLI3 protein is shown to cause various disorders such as, Pallister-Hall syndrome and postaxial polydactyl type A. The researchers were trying to demonstrate how a single gene mutation could cause these dissimilar developmental disorders in humans. Even though all three disorders can be caused by frameshift mutations, they do differentiate. Haploinsifficiency of GLI3 cause GCPS whereas PHS and PAP-A are only caused by…

Common tumors are often caused by mutations in the genes that may potentially lead to varying protein structures, which do not correlate with their proper functions (1). Majority of these mutations arise as a result of substituting one nucleotide base pair for another, but a significant number are also from adding or removing one of more of these nucleotides that ultimately disrupts protein translation (1). One of the mutated genes linked to cancer is BRCA1 (2,3,4). BRCA1 stops tumor growth by…

specific genes can cause eating disorders, the reverse is also true. According to a Canadian study, the onset of eating disorders such as bulimia, especially when they are long term, can actually cause changes in the very expression of one’s genes. These changes can be passed down to progeny and increase their likelihood of developing an eating disorder as well. This phenomenon is known as epigenetics, and its biological mechanisms are based on methylation. The level of methylation of a gene…

cluster of genes in a bacteria that are clustered together and have related functions. Genes in an operon are coexpressed, which means that they are turned on or off under a single promoter. The genes of the arabinose operon are Ara A, Ara B, and Ara D (or the B. A. D. genes) which are all digestive enzymes that allow bacteria to break down arabinose. When Ara A, Ara B, and Ara D cluster together they form the arabinose operon. The gene that replaces the arabinose operon is the pGLO gene. GFP is…