Gene Wilder

5. How does Leishmania tropica evade the immune system? Leishmania tropica surface molecule glycoprotein 63 (gp36) is found throughout the parasite surface and has the potential to degrade immunoglobulins, complement factors, and lysosomal proteins (Olivier et al. 2005). Gp36 can cleave C3b into an inactivated form and C3bi will appear on the surface of the membrane and hinders the formation of C5 convertase (Gupta et al. 2013). It is also able to use C3bi to bind to complement receptor 3…

Recently, mycobacteriophage has become an increasingly popular source of research in the western world. Phage was first discovered in 1910 by Felix d’Herelle who saw a series of plaques on a bacterial lawn [3]. After five years had passed he decided to further investigate the material contained in the plaques, which he named “Bacteriophage” [3]. Bacteriophages are a family of viruses that's main function is to infect bacterial cells. Bacteriophage contains basic physical features including a…

The Structure and Function of Monomeric Actin Caroline Lussier The Protein Data Bank is a free, updated archive and resource containing information about the structure of macromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. This material allows users to better understand and compare the building blocks of life. More specifically, this database can help users to draw conclusions about how large molecule conformations help to determine the direction of drug development. The Protein Data Bank has…

Neurologic and retinal diseases There are many different types of degenerative neurological diseases. The brain is a complex system and this makes the use of stem cells difficult to differentiate to the right cell type. The myriad connection between nerve cells and the complex interdependency with macroglia, which is made up of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glial progenitor cells create a problem with creating precise structural reconstitution with stem cells. Neurological diseases including…

In the article Male pregnancy a real possibility, found at http://bioedge.org/ , they talk about the possibility of a biological male giving birth. Researchers have came to this conclusion because the University of Gothenburg in Sweden has successfully transplanted a womb in to a women. Then two years later the women gave birth to a healthy boy. If the procedure can be done on a female then, with some refinement, it could possibly be done on a male also. There is an ethical conflict with this.…

Biological parameters were evaluated for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis . The most useful are enumeration of white blood cells (WBC ), total number of neutrophils (TN), the immature relative to the total neutrophils (I / T) and C-reactive protein (CRP) . [ 4-7] However, despite the number of available tests, none of them is absolutely reliable for early and accurate diagnosis . Several cytokines, such as IL -1B , IL-6 , IL- 8 and TNF -a are important mediators in the systemic host…

Walter Glannon Walter Glannon believes in genetic equality and equal opportunities. He thinks that genetic enhancements are morally wrong and unnecessary. He differentiates gene therapy and gene enhancements and says that gene enhancements are morally objectionable because it goes above the normal baseline. He prefers gene therapy because its main objective is to return a person’s function to a sufficient baseline. He provides four premises for his conclusion. Firstly, it provides an unfair…

Is it right to design our future babies? Nowadays, technology is the heart of our daily lives. It is extremely difficult to imagine our lives without the aid of technological devices, and it is undoubtedly the remarkable and beneficial improvements that technology brought in our lifestyle. There are many areas in which these advances aided human beings, and the most beneficial of them are found in the field of medicine. But, on occasions, these developments are taken too far, such as the…

Describe the chemical structure and function of DNA DNA is a fundamental molecule responsible for the growth and maintenance of the human body. Since the discovery of DNA and its double helix structure though the Watson-Crick Model, there has been a significant increase in the understanding of human disease and development of effective treatment. DNA’s specific chemical structure allows it to carry out its function which therefore maintains our survival. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a…

There are several strains of E. coli that exist, many of which are non-pathogenic in nature. E. coli forms a beneficial relationship in the intestinal tract, and takes on many helpful functions within the body. The functions include breaking down nutrients, developing signals to regulate the immune system, and even protection against other pathogens. The broad categories of E. coli are separated into diarrheagenic E. coli and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, which includes uropathogenic E.…