Gene expression

the video, “Ghost in your Genes”, is very appropriately titled because it discussed the various appearances of phenotypic differences among organisms with identical genomes. In the mid to late 1900s, scientists were convinced that DNA sequences were solely responsible for every trait evident in organisms. After the human genome experiment, which involved compiling and analyzing genomes of thousands of different people, it was determined that humans have around 25,000 genes, far fewer than…

Temporal analysis of gene expression in the embryonic murine Schwann cell lineage 1Anjali Balakrishnan, 2Morgan G. Stykel, 1,2Yacine Touahri, 2*Jeff Biernaskie, 1*Carol Schuurmans Institutional Affiliations: 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in the Cumming School of Medicine, 2Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, both in the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of…

RUNX1 affinity for the DNA by 10 fold (14) and stabilizes RUNX proteins against proteolytic degradation (15). RUNX proteins contain a nuclear localization signal that allows the transport of the CBFβ-RUNX complex to the nucleus and regulates gene expression (16, 17). The RUNX proteins are highly similar and share a common DNA binding site. However, they share different physiologic…

analysts first stated the process by which cancer can occur based on multitudes of mitotic genes and proteins. One way oncogenic cells are able to form, based off of the original hypothesis, is through transcriptional malfunctions during mitosis. The tumor suppressors that are used in cellular division lose their function due to mutations, and the genes that have the ability to become cancerous due to over expression and/or mutations become more highly functioning. This gain and loss of…

In the 1960s when a gene was first isolated from E. coli, the consensus was that proteins were produced from the DNA sequence and this was also the source of regulation. A change in the DNA sequence changed the protein product. Now we realize that there are exceptions. Epigenetic refers to the external modification that turns genes “on” or “off” to DNA. These modifications in DNA sequence don’t change, but can affect the “read” of genes [1]. One example is epigenetics in lung cancer. It is…

ELONGATION FACTORS IN GENE TRANSLATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. Professor Kinzy’s lab seeks to investigate the structure and function of G- protein in relation to it’s regulation and the post transcriptional processes associated with gene expression. The lab uses Translation Elongation apparatus found in yeast to investigate these processes. The components of these elongation factors are important targets for antibacterial and antifungal drugs such that improper expressions and mutations in these…

protein, is a gene that codes for one protein which stimulates another protein that inhibits enzymes needed to drive the cell cycle and functions as a tumor suppression. It is very important for cells in the role to suppress cancer. P53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome", referring to its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation (Strachan and Read, 1999). The name is due to its molecular mass: it is in the 53 kilodalton fraction of cell proteins. 2. GENE…

trans-splicing (STS) and mention a long gene 8 kb or more, this strategy could be used for. A1. Segmental trans-splicing concept is similar to that of trans-splicing, where exons of two different gene fragments are joined together. However, in STS it can be used to target gene sequences that are too large for a viral vector genetic capacity; for example the von Willbrand factor gene (8.6 kb) or the muscular dystrophy gene (11.0 kb). In STS a 5’exon of the gene is delivered in a vector and the…

of the genes and enzymes involved in WTA synthesis and decoration had been identified, through genetic and in vitro reconstitution approaches(swoboda,xia). Although…

but also the health of other generations to come. Epigenetic changes are altercations of DNA, which happen without any changes in the original DNA sequence but can control whether a gene is expressed and how much of a particular message is made. Every cell in our body has the same DNA sequence but different genes are turned on or off to make our different tissues, such as muscle or liver (Anon., n.d.). As DNA is expended during development, it gets copied. When copying occurs, the things you…