Gene expression

(small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N) gene product. SNRPN is expressed only on the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13, however, the exact genes responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome haven't been identified. People normally inherit one copy of chromosome 15 from each parent. Some genes are active only on the copy that is inherited from a person's father, the paternal copy. Genomic imprinting causes this parent specific gene activation. The maternal SNRPN is methylated and not…

conservation of the catalytic properties of the catalytic residues. To locate which amino acids were methylated, immunoprecipitation was used to isolate these molecules. The methylation of the DNA and RNA was used to observe the effects of the IME4 gene…

DNA-protein complex called chromatin that exists within the nucleus. How would spatial and temporal arrangement of these chromatin affect the gene expression in the eukaryotic genome? With the development of Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) and the techniques that followed, it is now significantly easier to study the relationship between organization and gene expression within the nucleus. It has been used to identify long-range chromatin interactions. The Hi-C technique was developed in…

involved in the strict regulation of the cell cycle. It regulates genes that promote the induction of the cell cycle and it is also involved in apoptosis. The c-myc ¬gene is one of the most commonly activated oncogenes and has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers. Activation of this oncogene may contribute to as many as 100,000 cancer deaths per year in the United States alone (Dang et al., 2006). The discovery that this gene is involved in so many cancers has sparked interest in both…

heritable changes in gene expression without a change in DNA sequence is defined as epigenetics. Epigenetics covers a variety of areas in life science such as, biological sciences, effect of pollutants, etc.. The study of epigenetics is important because it allows researchers to trace the causes of certain diseases, follow the effects pollution has in humans and understand how eating habits can alter a person's appearance. Epigenetic modifications can affect the level of expression and timing…

factors that contribute to the ageing process. Aggravation or alleviation of these could contribute to the acceleration or delaying of the ageing process (3). One of the primary hallmarks is epigenetics (3); defined as changes in the activity and expression of genes that occur without modification in DNA sequence (4). These changes are performed through transcriptional control. One of the most important mechanisms of epigenetics is DNA methylation, regulated by protein complexes such as…

parents to offspring, including the molecular structure and function of genes. Epigenetics is a new discipline in which the word “epi” means above that is epigenetics means above genetics or the control above genes. Aaron et al., defined “Epigenetics as a bridge between genotype and phenotype- a phenomenon that changes the final outcome of a locus or chromosome without changing the underlying DNA sequence” [1]. Epigenetic gene regulation involves changes other than to the sequence of DNA.…

Purpose statement To see how cells become competent in order to observe gene transfer, for competency plays a key role in order for transformation to take place. Transformation Transformation is a process which involves the change in a bacterial cells genetic makeup due to the uptake of exogenous DNA (Lorenz and Wackernagel, 1994). This process can happen in two different ways, either naturally or artificially. Natural Natural transformation is the bacteria’s ability to acquire naked DNA that…

specific genes that are expressed at any given time (Campbell 365). Each organism continuously turn on and off genes in response to external and internal environmental signals. The regulation of gene expression is especially important in multicellular organisms since it is essential for the different types of cell to have their own cell specialization (Campbell 365). In order for each cell to do it’s given role, they each need to maintain a program of gene expression individually to have some…

there is either an environmental factor or a behavioral factor that alters the expression of the genome. In the case of the rats, pups that are licked, show expression of the “Maternal Care Gene” which is normally inhibited in pups that are not licked (by means of DNA methylation). Licking increases serotonin in the brains of the pups and removes the methylation of the DNA, which allows for expression of the “Maternal Care Gene”. Thus, based on whether the pups are licked or not, they will, in…