Gene-environment correlation

Background and need: During embryo development many factors can determine the future outcome and growth of developing embryo. These factors, whether genetic or environmental, will influence the cells within the embryo and could result in a lasting developmental abnormality, such as unwanted apoptosis. Ethanol, a known teratogen, is one such unorthodox environmental factor that if present will have an effect on the embryo’s development; namely defects in the cardiovascular system, structural…

1) Explain how the Lin et al. used the catFISH technique to determine which neurons are involved in particular behaviors (3 pts) Lin et al. used catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridization) to compare the activation of c-fos expression during two successive episodes of behavior (either the same behavior or different) in the same animal. Through experimentation, researchers discovered that animals killed five minutes after fighting expressed…

elegans genes lin-11 and mec-3 were the first to be associated with the LIM homeodomain proteins. The genes lin-11 and mec-3 are important to Caenorhabditis elegans because they are involved with neuronal differentiation, these proteins correspond to the ‘L’ and ‘M’ in acronym. lin-11 specifically influences…

and difficult environments. These adaptations have allowed earthworms to be an important and popular organism across the globe. To begin with, one of the most important earthworm phenotypes is its bristles, which are integral in allowing the earthworm to move. These bristles are referred to as setae. The purpose of this phenotype is to provide traction for the worms to move freely through soil. This is quite advantageous as the worms are able to have greater mobility in their environment which…

The doctors show that people can use lots of different ways to go wrong with personal DNA. Genome Sequenced can help people find out the mutations; However, most of the people think that Genome Sequenced are cheating them. For example, it may confuse doctors, scare patients and drive up costs. In the article, “YOU CAN GET YOUR WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCED. BUT SHOULD YOU? “(2017) MEGAN MOLTENI shows Genome Sequenced can help patients take care their body and almost no side effects. First of all,…

1) A.) The specific DNA changes caused by the delta F508 mutation, include a production of the abnormal cystic fibrosis protein. This mutation can only be inherited if both genes in pair of DNA carry the cystic fibrosis mutation. The specific mutation functions as a chloride channel, that has an abnormal amount of salt and water balance. Normally a chloride channel would help to maintain the right balance salt and water inside a cell, but those mutated with F508 mutation, are imbalanced causing…

The nucleus, controlling all of the cell's activities and containing its genetic information, remains the most important organelle of the cell today. Although the first observations of the nucleus can be dated back to the 1700s, Robert Brown is often the man given credit for its discovery. In 1831, he noticed an opaque mark in a plant cell. Brown was not aware at the time, but he had sparked thought for many scientists. Soon it was discovered that the nucleus could be found in more than just…

Wow we can maybe see a wooly mammoth on the streets!Scientist are trying to bring back extinct animals.This could be the best thing of genetic engineering for scientists they are working very hard to bring back extinct animals.This is a very hard process you need DNA and you need the animal to be frozen and need something close to the wooly mammoth and need to restore the DNA lost the closest relative is the elephant. It is a very good idea we killed them we should bring them back but it will be…

Lecture 11 of BIO687 8. Describe the possible errors that affect translation. ORF is a continued uninterrupted sequence on mRNA that encodes the protein through codon. So the remove, insert, replace of the gene will influence the translation result. These errors will make the order of the sequence on ORF changed. While the sequence change, the tRNA can read different amino acid on mRNA. Such as a sequence is AUCCGCUAC, and it code for Ile, Arg and Tyr. 1…

with their own DNA. The purpose of this technique is to introduce a foreign plasmid into the bacteria E. coli. A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule that contains important genetic information for the growth of bacteria. Some plasmids carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other traits that increase the cell’s ability to grow in a particular…