Gel electrophoresis

prior to the testing and was then given to each student to perform gel electrophoresis. The gel electrophoresis technique is used to separate DNA fragments and the size of the fragments determines how fast the fragments will move through the gel. This process is used to ensure that the PCR worked. To analyze the PCR, a sample mixed with the PCR and loading dye is loaded into a well in the ladder. Once the samples are loaded, the mini gel system can be turned on and begin the process of…

DNA fingerprinting was discovered on September 10 1984 by Alec Jeffreys. His team at the university of Leicester had been working for seven years to see if it would be possible to tell people apart and whether they were related by using their DNA. They had been looking at regions of the human genome called VNTRs which stands for variable number tandem repeats. These can be thought of as a repeating string of genetic letters or basis, a bit like the same word written down many times along a line…

thermal cycler and the desired target sequence of DNA was amplified. In the final week of lab, the DNA was analyzed using an electrophoresis reaction in Agarose gel. This was done according the the instructions outlined in the Practicing Biology for Biology 151 lab manual. Finally the gel was placed under a source of UV light which allowed the DNA sequences to appear on the gel. A photograph was then taken to be further…

Report begins: The point of existence for a species is to survive and reproduce. The human race is a thriving species with a population that is forever increasing. One of the biggest problems for the human race is curing or preventing diseases that reduce the quality of life and even kill the individuals affected by it. An example of a disease is Adenosine Deaminase deficiency (ADA) which is a very rare disease that creates a poor immunity in the individual affected due the the lack of the…

A process that can turn a single copy of a gene into more than a billion copies in just house is calles the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR allows medical researchers to make many copies of a gene whenever they want to genetically engineer something. The DNA structure for years has been relatively challenging to study. Ultimately DNA is very long and tiny. Luckily there has been many advancements in DNA technology that have made working with DNA much easier. Especially in the tools and…

The comet assay, also known as single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), is a standard lab technique that can measure deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. This technique originated in 1984 with the purpose of quantifying the amount of DNA damage in a cell (3). Originally the test was run using neutral conditions, but this only allowed for detection of double stranded DNA breaks. In 1988 the technique was adapted to use alkaline conditions that made it more sensitive and…

A mass quantity and variation of organisms live in different regions around the world. Each organism is classified into groups depending on the characteristics of the species, this is called taxonomy. Invented by the Swedish scientist, Carolus Linnaes, the taxonomy system simplifies organism classification by ordering the species into seven major categories: Kingdom, Phylum , Class , Order , Family , Genus , and Species (Meier, Shiyang, Vaidya, & Ng, 2006). However, what if the species is…

• Clinical Appearance This refers to any specific signs and symptoms that are related to the development of an infection or disease. The appropriate description of the clinical appearance often leads to a diagnosis of the illness. • Stained culture/histology examination False coloration of a substance to aid in the inspection of tissues, microorganisms, or other cells under a microscope. • Tests for antibodies to the microorganism Antibody tests rely on on the fact that there are specific…

To make a 12.5% resolving gel, a mixture of 30% acrylamide, 0.8% bisacrylamide, 4X Tris HCl buffer with pH 8.8, DI water, 10% ammonium persulfate, and TEMED. The solution was poured into a gel caster, ethanol was added on top, and it was left alone to polymerize. A 4.5% SDS stacking gel was then prepared by mixing: 30% acrylamide, 0.8% bisacrylamide, 4X Tris HCl buffer with SDS pH 6.8, DI water, 0.25% bromophenol blue, 10% ammonium persulfate, and TEMED. The gel was left to polymerize and the…

The closing event is when the students present one of their products. A ticket out the door gives the teacher feedback on the assignments in the unit, the learning module, its effectiveness, changes necessary and thoughts on teacher performance. Based on the feedback, the students thought that the unit meaningful and worth completing. They particularly enjoyed the case studies and argumentation as well as creating authentic extension products. The case studies went particularly well due to a…