Gastric acid

Abstract For this experiment the amount of zinc in vitamin water had to be determined. To do this, three methods were applied. The first was by a calibration plot method, where zinc standards were prepared and from the absorbance of those standards a calibration curve was plotted, which in turn was used to determine the amount of zinc in vitamin water. The second method was standard addition. For this method, an un-spiked and spiked solution were prepared. The un-spiked solution only contained…

Also, we used acidic indicator phenolphthalein to determine the end point of experiment when the color turns from colorless into red or pink. Potassium acid phthalate is our primary standard and this huge molecule has molecular mass equal to 204.2 g/mol. (KHC_8 H_4 O_4 ) and it has abbreviation as KHP. Also KHP is monoprotic and will react in a simple one to one ratio: NaOH(aq) + KHC_8 H_4 O_4 (aq) →KNaC_8…

concentration of 0.075%) was added and incubated for 1h. The supernatant was discarded and the cells in 96-well plates were washed with PBS twice to remove the neutral red that was not phagocytized by macrophages. Then cell lysate (ethanol and 0/01 % acetic acid at the ratio of 1∶1, 200 µl/well) was added to lyse cells. After cells were incubated at 4℃ overnight, the optical density at 490 nm was measured by a microplate reader. 2.6. Phagocytosis Assay by opsonized heat-killed baker's…

The main principle of manufacture of urea has two main reactions. 2NH3 + CO2 NH2COONH4 -37.4 Kcal/mol NH2COONH4 NH2CONH2 + H2O + 6.3 Kcal/mol While going main reactions, the undesirable side reaction taking place is 2NH2CONH2 NH2CONHCONH2 (Biuret) + NH3 This process is further complicated by the formation of a substance called biuret, NH2CONHCONH2, which should be kept low because it adversely affects the growth…

Claim, Evidence and Reasoning Graphic Organizer Question: Are Fat and Soap Different Substances? Claim: Fat and soap are different substances. Evidence (from your data) Solubility - Fat was soluble in oil. Soap was not soluble in oil. Fat was not soluble in water. Soap was soluble in water. Reasoning (why does the above piece of evidence support your claim?) The above piece of evidence supports my claim because it proves that in the same substance (H2O), fat and soap have different…

[mol/dm3] sulphuric acid was added to the flask, and shaken well with the stopper. The name of the members and the date was written on the flask, and was left for a week for the iron sulphate tablets to fully dissolve in the acid. After the tablets have fully dissolved, the whole solution was filtered using a filter paper and a funnel into a 100 [cm2] volumetric flask. The remaining residue in the filter paper was rinsed with a small amount of distilled water. Then, sulphuric acid was added to…

all the different types of reactions because they often refer the reactions as being of one type or another. The first reaction is Acid-base (Neutralization) Reaction. A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and base are mixed together. The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion of the acid is called a salt. The combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces common table salt. An example is…

Introduction: Kidney stones are an extremely basic urinary issue. Also known as renal calculi, kidney stones are characterized by their high occurrence and a high repeat rate. This issue results from the arrangement of insoluble salt stores in the urinary tract and inside the kidney. The rate of this issue has expanded in the course of recent years for reasons that are not entirely known, but have caught the consideration of numerous scientists. There are different types of kidney stones, each…

In this experiment, a Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide, reacted with a ketone, acetophenone, to produce 1,1-diphenylethanol. The experimental product was relatively pure as its melting point was determined to be between 78 and 80.7°C. The value from literature suggests that the melting point is between 78 and 82°C (chemspider.com). However, the percent yield for this experiment was not very high, at only 57 percent. The low yield for this lab was most likely due to the low…

The purpose of this lab was to perform the condensation of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid. Isopentyl acetate was formed from this reaction and this compound has the distinct smell of bananas. This reaction is known as Fisher Esterification. From the final product, the final mass was used to calculate the percent yield. Finally, the IR spectrum was obtained from the final product in order to determine if the reaction went to completion or not. To a 5mL…