Gas chromatography

Chromatography is a method of separation in which the components of a substance are separated and distributed between two phases, which are the mobile phases and stationary phase (1). There are multiple types of chromatograph, which includes paper chromatography, column chromatograph, retention chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography etc. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, but all are useful in getting separations of different components (8). Since many…

Twenty Korean barley cultivars (Geongang, Gwangan, Nackyoung, Dahyang, Daejin, Saegang, Boanchal, Keunal, Saessal, Saechalssal, Sujung, and Boanchalssal) were selected in this research. All the cultivars were developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea and were grown during 2013 in the experimental fields of the NICS, Milyang, Gyeongnam. After harvesting, barley leaves were immediately washed with clean sterile water and then…

The chromatography was performed on an ACQUITY TM UPLC system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA). The UPLC system included quaternary solvent manager, a binary pump, degasser, autosampler with an injection loop of 10 μL and a column heater-cooler. The separation was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH TM C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d., 1.7 μm, Waters, USA) maintained at 40 °C. a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid and aqueous 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid…

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a separation technique utilizing differences in distribution of compounds in two phases; called the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase designates a thin layer created on the surface of fine particles and the mobile phase designates the liquid flowing over the particles. Under a certain dynamic condition, each component in a sample has a different distribution equilibrium depending upon the solubility in the phases and or…

grown in medium containing sorbital and betaine. Ferritin synthesis was induced in mid-log cells using isothiopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG), and the soluble ferritin was isolated, after sonication of the bacterial cells, by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on a Fast Q-Sepharose matrix. Protein purified to homogeneity was sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane and stored at 4 °C for less than 1 week before mixing with…

Raju Chandra et al; A reliable and reproducible reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed for the quantitative determination of quetiapine fumarate from marketed bulk tablets. The active ingredient of quetiapine fumarate separation achieved with C18 column using the methanol water mobile phase in the ratio of 30:70 (v/v). The active ingredient of the drug content quantify with UV detector at 359 nm. The retention time of quetiapine fumarate is 5.27 min. A good…

4.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) An HPLC analysis was carried out for the Fraction C2-7 for confirmation of the results obtained by TLC analysis. According to the HPLC chromatogram, there is only one peak was observed at the retention time of 4.510 minutes. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is only one compound presents in the Fraction C2-7. Basically, the first few small peaks in the chromatogram which is around 2-3 minutes are ‘noise’ from the injection that been made…

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly referred to as ecstasy, and methamphetamine are central nervous system stimulants, which can produce euphoria, enhanced mental and emotional clarity, sensations of lightness and floating, and other hallucinations. (Chandra et al. 2015) Due to their effects, MDMA and methamphetamine are used in Drug-Facilitated Crimes (DFC), intended to impair behaviour, perceptions, or decision-making capacity to take advantage of an impaired person without…

Introduction According to Bio-Rad, Alamar Blue is a “cell viability assay reagent which contains the cell permeable, non-toxic and weakly fluorescent blue indicator dye called resazurin.” (Bio-Rad, n.d.). Meaning that the resazurin is going to be using an oxidation-reduction (REDOX) indicator that will undergo a color change due to the response of the cellular metabolic reduction. “The reduced form resorufin is pink and highly fluorescent, and the intensity of fluorescence produced is…

Introduction: This Laboratory experiment mainly focused on the fundamental concepts of basic Chromatography. We had a goal of learning about the properties of color additives, studying their molecular structures, and their rates of solubility when added to a strip of paper and temporarily placed into a beaker of solution. When actually performing the experiment, it is relatively easy and straightforward to do as long as you do not increase the concentration of the dye or leave the wrong side of…