Gas chromatography

DISTILLATION The purpose of experiment 1, fractional distillation and gas chromatography, was to separate an unknown organic mixture into two liquids. The primary process of separation was fractional distillation, which utilizes the physical properties of the two unknown volatile liquids. Once the unknown mixture was successfully fractioned, gas chromatography was used to help determine the identity of the two unknown liquids. Fractional distillation and simple distillation both take advantage…

The liquid chromatography was performed using an Acquity UPLC® system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) coupled to a mass spectrometer (Xevo TQ-S, Waters Corp.). The bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of the three PFCs was optimized through the various…

Calculations for Dissolved Gas Analysis in Water Samples Using a GC Headspace Equilibration Technique, EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, RSKSOP-175, Rev.2, May 2004. 1.2 Light Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Samples via Headspace and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID), Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Laboratories, PA-DEP 3686, Rev.0, April 2012. 1.3 Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 14th edition (1992), McGraw Hill. 1.4 Gas…

phase will not be established. Then, the components of the mixture may elute together or be incompletely separated. To sum up, as the temperature increases, the number of theoretical plates decreases, the efficiency decreases. 6-19 Consider the above gas chromatogram for a mixture of analytes X and Y: Calculate the number of theoretical plates for the column in reference to the peaks of each component (X and Y) Based on the graph, Wx is 45s, Wy is 30s, tR,x is 235s, and tR,y is 280s.…

potential designer modification of banned drugs and show the same elemental composition and yielding identical nominal, exact masses and general analytical properties which make the potential of misidentification increase. Electron- ionization gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) technique was used as initial methods to differentiate and separate the target compounds. In addition, consecutive confirmation methods was provided by…

According to Simon (2002) the silica gel is the most widely used absorbent and it is the stationary phase that is dominant in Thin layer chromatography, particles or molecules that are non-polar travel faster at the stationary phase and the molecules that are polar spend more time at the stationary phase and therefore this means that molecules that are non-polar travel larger distance on the TLC plate in comparison to molecules that are polar since the polar molecules stick to the polar…

The human body produces various essential proteins that provide functionality in the biochemistry of our system. How individual molecules are separated or a mixture of molecules are separated can be dependant of their size. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), is the controlled separation technique that is based on the size of the particles in relation to the pore size (Barth and Saunders 2012). The separation process veers to be quick for large molecules and slower for smaller molecules. The…

abuse effect the environment. Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry Analysis of Stimulatory Drugs of Abuse in Wastewater and Surface Waters1 Ultraperformance liquid chromatography is the best method for analyzing drugs of abuse in different substances including wastewater. Liquid chromatography reduces analysis time and increases efficiency. The purpose of this research, Ultra Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry Analysis of…

The instrumentation of a HPLC apparatus is as shown in the diagram above. A HPLC apparatus is including a solvent reservoir, degasser, pump, injector, HPLC column, detector and data collection device. Solvent reservoir The solvent reservoir is usually a glassware or reagent bottle which contained the analytic sample. It is located at the upper part of the HPLC. It is also known as mobile phase reservoir since the sample will be moved. The flowing of the sample is depends on gravitational…

1. It is necessary to list the experimental conditions when reporting a chromatogram because it will allow universal comparison. In the event that you want to compare your results with a colleague, the factors that can affect the results are listed and taken into consideration to get an accurate comparison. 2. The type of column used is listed, this column contains the stationary phase and the mobile phase is pumped through the column under pressure. The dimensions of the column are listed as…