Fundamental physics concepts

The above Time Vs. Temperature graph displays the results of an experiment measuring the time taken for a sodium thiosulphate solution, at a certain temperature, to react with Hydrochloric acid. The descending curve in the above graphs suggests that the higher the temperature of the sodium thiosulfate solution the faster the reaction, causing the cluster of data later on in the graph. This is due to the high temperatures causing the increase in the particles average kinetic energy, the more…

Q1) What are the three main scientific concepts regarding the Gas Turbine Engine 1. Entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics  Definition: The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of the system is constant and that energy can neither be created nor destroyed and can only transform from one form to another. This means that we can't create noting from something, and we can't create something from nothing. Energy exists and cannot become nonexistent and nonexistent energy cannot…

Evaporation Model, Kohler modification and Surface Phenomena The process of microdroplet evaporation is associated with the mass and heat transport through the microdroplet surface [1,2] . [2]: [ 1] Where a is the droplet radius, Pa and Pcc are the saturated vapor pressures near the droplet surface and far from the droplet respectively. Ta and Tcc are the temperatures at the microdroplet surface and the reservoir. D is the diffusion constant of vapor in the ambient gas. M and are the…

3.4. Friction Characteristics of the NCD, MCD and boron doped NCD Coatings against Alumina Balls The friction coefficient curves of NCD, MCD and boron-doped diamond films sliding with Al2O3 balls are shown in figure 4, figure 5 and figure 6, respectively, for a sliding speed of 8 m/s and a load of 1N, 5N and 10N, respectively. Figure 4 (a), figure 5 (a) and figure 6 (a) show the friction coefficient of NCD, MCD and BDNCD at 1 N, respectively. Figure 4 (b), figure 5 (b) and figure 6 (b) show…

uses that we’ll discuss later. History of NMR Spectroscopy Year Individual Discovery 1921 Stern and Gerlach Basis of quantum theory is confirmed by carrying out atomic and molecular beam experiments 1925 Ulhenbeck & Goudsmith Discovered the concept of spinning electron to the magnetic dipole moment. 1938 Isidor Rabi Described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in molecular beams 1943 Stern Nobel prize – Discovery of magnetic momentum of the proton 1944 Isidor Rabi Nobel Prize- Discovery of…

As explained above, the governing equations of the gas mixture that include continuity, momentum and mass fraction of the components, are solved at first. Transient conservation equations are as follow: Mass conservation (1) (∂(ε(1-s)ρ_g))/∂t+∇.(ρ_g u ⃗_g )=S_m In this equation u ⃗_g is superficial velocity vector of gas mixture, which related to intrinsic fluid velocity U as following: (2) (u_g ) ⃗=ε(1-s)U ⃗ In the gas transfer channel, the porosity is equal one and the liquid water volume fraction…

featured by a wonderful equation R_H=h/ie^2 saying that the hall resistance is quantized where i is an integer. This equation relates physical quantity to fundamental physical constants, and thus can be served as a standard of physical quantities like resistance []. This essay will explain how the hall resistance is quantized and its contributions to physics world. Two…

To facilitate an accurate description of the localized d and f electrons in the solids, the self interaction correction is introduced. Within the LSDA, the spurious self-interaction tends to underestimate their localization. In SIC-LDA formalism, the localized electrons see a potential (SIC potential) different from that of the delocalized ones for which the self-interaction vanishes and whose potential therefore reduces to that of the LSDA. It is known that self-interaction is important only…

Ultrasonic interferometer Working principle An ultrasonic interferometer is a simple and direct device to determine the ultrasonic velocity in liquids with a high degree of accuracy. An ultrasonic interferometer is used to determine the accurate ultrasonic velocity in liquids. The principle used in the measurement of velocity is based on the accurate determination of the wavelength in the medium. The principle of ultrasonic interferometer for the measurement of velocity is determination of the…

There are both similarities and differences between the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. One of the observed differences is that when the quartz is present at different temperatures. The α-FePO4 phase when present at low temperatures, tend towards the values obtained for β-FePO4 at high temperature. In addition, this case is true for all α quartz when at low temperature, in that it will tend to the values obtained for its respective β quartz experienced at…