Functional illiteracy

Temazepam, commonly known as Restoril, is a sleeping pill that is prescribed to patients. This drug is classified under a type of drugs called benozaphines, which are, “a large group of drugs with sedative and anxiety-reducing properties, which have been found valuable for a large number of uses” (UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances). This class of drugs is used to reduce anxiety and help with insomnia. Since temazepam is classified as a benzodiazepine, I was curious as to what…

The sequence of the reactions employed for the construction of novel indole–benzimidazole-based 1,2,3-triazole hybrids is demonstrated in Scheme 1. Compound 2 was prepared by treating propargyl bromide with 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1) in presence of potassium carbonate in dry acetone at reflux temperature [26]. Compound 2 was further reacted by heating at reflux temperature with o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) in chloroform for 6 h afforded compound 3. Compound 3 coupled with variously substituted…

Experiment 11: Peptides and Amino Acids The purpose of this experiment was to study the amino acid composition of artificial sweeteners and then observe simple acid and base catalyzed reactions of the amino acid and artificial sweetener aspartame. This was achieved by performing a TLC analysis using ninhydrin as an indicator to observe the composition of the amino acid as well as two of the components that make up aspartame. This is followed by the addition of an acid or base to aliquots of diet…

My plan includes functional group conversions of a benzyl ester Knorr pyrrole using various organic reactions (Figure 3), while using mass spectroscopy (MS), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) to track the development of DHP. After the coupling of DHP into the tripyrrole, I plan on using various starting materials to adjust the functional groups to find the most suitable variant of tripyrrole by using NMR…

Benzoylmethylecgonine is an organic compound found in the leaves of Coca plants. This organic molecule is also called methyl(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate using the systemic IUPAC system. It has a chemical formula of C17H21NO4 and has a molecular weight of 303.353 g/mol. It is commonly known as Cocaine or Coke. Discovery of Cocaine When the Spanish arrived in South America, they discovered that coca leafs that the aboriginals chewed on gave them…

Object Oriented Programming vs Functional Programming Programming paradigms offer a significant number of advantages over programming with no standard structure. Paradigms over the years have evolved into fleshed out procedures with only a handful of disadvantages, still overwhelmingly insignificant to the advantages. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) & Functional Programming (FP) are two of the more developed paradigms that people use, With significant followers in each. There are quite a few…

Salicylic acid’s hydroxyl group readily reacts with acetyl groups in a process called acetylation. The resulting substitution reaction replaces the hydrogen in salicylic acid’s hydroxyl group with an acetyl group thereby forming an ester functional group. This esterification of salicylic acid produces acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. Figures 1 and 2 above show the reagents and products involved in the experiment’s esterification of salicylic acid. With excess acetic anhydride and a…

Introduction Molecular orbital theory allows for the relation between the nature of chemical bonds and the properties of molecules.1 Many times, the frontier molecular orbitals, named HOMO and LUMO, are analyzed in order to predict these properties. In this lab, each double bond corresponds to a molecular orbital. The HOMO, or highest occupied molecular orbital is the most energetic (highest n-value) orbital that contains an electron. The n-value is equal to the number of double bonds present.…

This experiment was conducted to practice a variety of techniques in organic chemistry: separation, mechanisms, acid-base reactions, evaporation, recrystallization, and identification. The goal of this experiment was to identify the unknown mixture of two compounds. The two compounds were separated first by altering the acid components solubility through deprotonation, and then protonating the acid component again to form the separated precipitate. The ether in the neutral layer was evaporated,…

applicability of the languages for each criterion, distinguish them with their pros and cons, evaluate and explore the related features on those languages. For this I have selected one language from each programming paradigm (imperative, object-oriented, functional, logic) and compared it with the Iterative statements feature. The comparing and contrasting is based on the following design characteristics: • Syntax • Semantics • Readability, writeability, reliability • Implementation (i.e., how…