Functional group

which consists of five main functional groups: a quinolone, an amide, a phenol, and two tert-butyls. Quinolones are regularly found in anti-biotics, amides are seen in the synthesis of nylon, phenol can be retrieved from coal tar, and tert-butyl groups are big hydrophobic groups found in tert-butyl alcohol (the simplest tertiary alcohol); none of these functional groups were invented or developed first by the parent company of the drug, Vertex. Together though these groups form an extremely…

m-toluic acid reacted with thionyl chloride to form the acid chloride derivative of m-toluic acid. In this reaction, the carboxylic acid is first converted into an acyl chlorosulfite intermediate, replacing the –OH of the acid with a better leaving group. The acyl chlorosulfite then reacts with a nucleophilic chloride ion, at which point the chlorosulfite leaves in the form of sulfur dioxide and chloride ion. The remaining acid chloride then reacts with diethylamine. Diethylamine is used in…

double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether the equatorial or axial orientation of the hydroxy group was favored.The setup of the Cold-Finger, and the ability of norborneol to sublime readily allowed for the purification of the crude product to obtain the diastereomeric products exo- and endo-norborneol.…

devices. In addition, their novelty is rapidly growing in other fields where they are used as sensing elements in chemical sensors, electrocatalysts, liquid crystals, electrochromic display devices, information storage systems, semiconductors, functional polymers and molecular metals, among others. They have also found use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). [15-17] Synthesis of Phthalocyanines A number of different methods are available for the synthesis of phthalocyanines. Phthalonitriles are…

the optimum conditions needed for high yields. Esterification is a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction wherein a carboxylic acid or a derivative of a carboxylic acid accepts a nucleophile which in turns substitutes for a leaving group. In esterification a leaving group connected to the carbonyl carbon is substituted by an alkoxide ion which forms the formula RCOOR’ which is an ester. For this particular experiment the esterification used was the Fischer esterification reaction which involves…

the formation of ester groups through the reaction between carboxylic acid groups of PAA oligomers and silanol groups of silica moieties 12. Besides, in SiO2/PAA hybrids, the O-H bands were broadened with the increase of silica content from 30 to 40 and 40 wt % and gradually shifted from 3100 cm-1 to 3150 cm-1, respectively (Figure 2). These observations may be the consequence of the strong hetero-associated hydrogen bonds…

Venlafaxine is antidepressant drug. As a part of work, we have herein reported the derivative of venlafaxine having free NH2 group. Synthesis of venlafaxine derivative of the amino acid–carboxamidehave been carried out via Coupling of N-phthaloyl derivatives of the amino acid (1a-1g/2a-2g) are reported as a significant antibacterial drug. Venlafaxine is an antidepressant drug…

Synthesizing Acetylsalicylic Acid from Salicylic Acid Shultz, Joshua T. Chemistry 2210L Data Figure 1. Esterification of Salicylic Acid to Yield Acetylsalicylic Acid Figure 2. Acetyl Group Table 1. Reference Data, Experimental Volumes, Yields, and Melting Points Melting Point of Salicylic Acid 158° C Melting Point of Acetylsalicylic Acid 138° C - 140° C Initial Mass of Salicylic Acid 0.510 g Theoretical Yield of Acetylsalicylic Acid 0.665 g Experimental Yield of Acetylsalicylic Acid…

This experiment was conducted to practice a variety of techniques in organic chemistry: separation, mechanisms, acid-base reactions, evaporation, recrystallization, and identification. The goal of this experiment was to identify the unknown mixture of two compounds. The two compounds were separated first by altering the acid components solubility through deprotonation, and then protonating the acid component again to form the separated precipitate. The ether in the neutral layer was evaporated,…

azulene had two phenyl groups (EDG) on odd carbons, which increased the energy of the HOMO orbital. It also had a phenyl group (EDG) and an amino group (EDG) on even carbons. These increased the energy of the LUMO orbital. The absorbance shift of the compound depended on the effectiveness of the amino group in comparison to the effectiveness of a phenyl group. Evidenced by the blue-shifted spectrum, the prediction that an amino group was a better electron donor than a phenyl group was supported.…