Fuel cells

In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA. Understanding Human Genetic Variation Genetics is the scientific study of inherited variation. Human genetics, then, is the scientific study of inherited human variation. We study genetic material due to following reasons; 1. One reason is simply an interest in better understanding…

There are roughly thirty-seven trillion cells present in the human body. Each of these cells have a specific function to perform like propagating one’s genes or carrying oxygen towards the different parts of the body. Some of these cells make up the skeletal system which is comprised of two hundred and seven different bones. Some of these cells make up the various organs in the body like the lungs and the heart. Some of these cells are responsible for the organs responsible for procreation, the…

the transport of K+ in the pulvinar cells (the thickening at the base of a leaflet that causes the movement of the leaflet based on differing turgor pressure in these cells). They tested many hypotheses regarding the seismonastic reaction in the Mimosa pudica, one of which tested whether there was an increased efflux of K+ from pulvinar cells during stimulation. The experimenters used all home-grown Mimosa pudica (sensitive plants). They removed pulvini cells from the stem by cutting above…

examined in detail in this essay. The mechanisms of this pathway, the impact of Shh on cell fate and the genetic regulation events that occur as a result will be explored. . . . . . . . . . .…

ABOUT LIVER TRANSPLANTATION What is a liver transplant? A liver transplant is a procedure performed to replace a diseased liver with a healthy liver from another person. During the liver transplantation surgery, the surgeon removes the diseased liver and replaces it with a healthy one. The surgery generally takes 4 - 12 hours to perform, and patients stay in the hospital for up to 3 weeks after the surgery. Most patients return to normal or near-normal activities 6 - 12 months following the…

DNA is our genetic code, it is permanent and unchangeable. Epigenetics are the mechanisms that influence DNA, it is the device that inhibits or increases our gene expression. Epigenetics can be influenced by many factors, for example nutrition and stress. Although the actual makeup of our genetic code isn’t changed by these factors, the extent to which the genes are expressed can be (Rettner, 2013). Epigeneticist Moshe Szyf highlighted the ways in which different behaviors can influence…

which makes it possible to identify genes that gives rise to phenotypic effects when they are switched off, and also helps to analyze the effects of these genes in cells or complete organisms. The first step in the gene trap process is to integrate an artificially constricted DNA into a genome of a cell line, usually an embryonic stem (ES) cell line. To carry out this…

(finished proteins) together forms the central dogma of modern molecular biology. Thus, the genetic code is the basis of the central dogma of molecular biology. Central dogma is nothing but the flow of genetic information in all living cells including human cells from DNA to RNA to proteins. The central dogma There are three classes of sequential biopolymers that encode information: DNA, RNA, and protein. The central dogma of microbiology describes the ways in which information flows among…

Molds are multi- or unicellular while yeasts are unicellular in structure. Molds grow in the form of tangled mass called the mycelium which is composed of filamentous hyphae while yeasts are spherical or oval-shaped. Molds are colourful while yeast are colourless. Molds can reproduce through small spores sexually or asexually while yeast reproduce asexually by budding or binary fission through mitosis in which a nucleus is divided into two or more nuclei. Mould can grow on food with low pH…

changes in the relative distribution of CD4 and CD8 T cells and cytokine release in the serum. The…