Frequency modulation

Problem Description In recent times coastal areas have been extensively developed in the area of North West of Port-of-Spain. Its beautiful landscape by the sea, bays and streams have been utilized by habour activities and human activities. The area s also used by various boats both personal and commercial that carry chemicals and hazardous compounds. These water vessels are often cleaned on the docks and emit a lot of hazardous waste into the water. Leaks during the transfer of goods and…

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless technology that uses radio waves to read and capture information stored on a tag. A RFID reader can read the tag from upto several feet away. However unlike barcode, it does not need to be within direct line-of-sight of the reader to be scanned. There are two different type of tags: one is passive tag which collects energy from a nearby RFID reader 's radio waves; and another one is active tag that has a…

EMV Contactless Specifications This chapter provides a description of the EMV contactless protocol. Section 3.1 describes the different documents the describe the EMV Contactless specifications. Section 3.2 describes the contactless interface of EMV Contactless cards. Section 3.3 gives a high level overview of the EMV Contactless transactions. Finally, 3.4 gives a complete description of the Mastercard PayPass specifications. 3.1 EMV Contactless Specification Documents The EMV Contactless…

The innovation of the RFID chip or the Radio Frequency Identification has been a critical piece of technology that has been around since the 1950’s.. There are several methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial number that identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a microchip known as identity chip. A microchip implant could be used as a virtual barricade, to limit movement, and even to act as a tag for prisoners. In the realm of medicine, it could…

I. INTRODUCTION The performance of present computing systems has increased at the cost of considerably enlarged power consumption. The increased power consumption either reduces the operation time for battery powered systems, such as hand-held mobile systems, or generates extreme amount of heat and requires expensive sophisticated packaging and cooling technologies, especially for complex systems that consist of several processing units. The generated heat, if not efficiently removed, can also…

Chapter 5 Proximity Sensor 5.1 Introduction A proximity sensors is the sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensors often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor target demand different sensor. For examples a capacitive or photoelectric sensors…

In the first place let begin by saying what is the (LRAD)? It is The Long Range Acoustic Device. Which is a loud megaphone/microphone or speaker to convey important messages to individuals who makes loud noise and disturb the environment. Certainly, the LRAD is not a less lethal weapon. Of course, the LRAD is used to get the attention of a large crowd or a criminal is about to break the law by disturbing the peace. The LRAD once in operation will get the attention of the troublemaker, prevent…

microchip placed into things like: supermarket items(known as the barcode), inside people, pets, computers, phones, etc. to track them down, read their data and transfer files to and from. An RFID tag is a Radio frequency identification device(Tag You're It 72). It contains radio frequency which means anyone with an RFID tag reader can receive radio waves and see whatever the RFID tag contains. Even Though RFID’s track kids and pets that ran away from home, they should not be used because they…

wireless local area network (WLAN), cellular phone, medical applications. and satellite communication. As shown in Fig. 1, The Microstrip Patch Antenna consists of a metallic patch above a ground plane. The shape and size of patch determine the frequency of operation of the antenna and its…

1.1 Overview: In antenna theory of analysis and design, the most forward looking topic is microstrip patch antenna. Microstrip patch antennas are made to have many different geometrical shapes and dimensions but among all the shapes of microstrip patch, four of them are most common than another that are square, rectangular, dipole and circular. They are employed in wide range of modern applications because of their easiness to design and compatibility with printed-circuit technology. The basic…