Frances Sternhagen

During the eighteenth century, France saw its economy plummet as it became involved in two very costly wars; the Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War. The aristocracy was thinking of raising taxes and loan payments to address the financial distress, thus making the bourgeoisie unhappy. This led to the French Revolution of 1789, where the bourgeoisie, or middle class, and the peasants, or working class, revolted against the social elite, comprised of the clergy and aristocrats. The…

witnessed one of the most radical, and bloodiest revolution that would reinvent the ways of thinking and reasoning in the world. In the midst of chaos, one of the most controversial men in history rose through the military ranks and became the Emperor of France. His name was Napoleon Bonaparte. Historians have mixed opinions about Napoleon. Some say he upheld the values and goals of the French Revolution, some say he undermined them. During his reign, Napoleon made sure all men were born equal,…

was a great historical figure who made many great reforms in the history of France and Europe. On August 15, 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte was born in the Corsican city of Ajaccio to Carlo and Marie-Letizia Bounaparte. He had eleven siblings. He started his education at all boy’s school in Ajaccio. Since he belonged to a fairly wealthy family, he entered French military school and joined the college of Autun in Burgundy, France. In 1785, Napoleon became a second lieutenant in the French army for…

Who was Charles de Gaulle? How did he end up as the leader of Free France? What other key Frenchmen competed with De Gaulle for leadership and why did the Allies support De Gaulle? General Charles de Gaulle was one of the innovators of armored warfare as practiced in World War II. De Gaulle’s writings, although first ignored, eventually led to his obtaining command of the French 4th Mechanized Division in May, 1940, just as the German invasion began. The counterattack he made did not save his…

Louis XIV, King of France and Navarre, believed in the principle, "Un Roi, Un Loi, Une Foi," or "One King, One Law, One Faith." Consequently, Louis XIV saw the Huguenots as a threat to the religious unity he wanted and had promised the his people as their newly crowned monarch. For the king, Protestantism represented, what he perceived as, a mark of powerlessness in his otherwise absolute rule. He became devoted to eradicating this one aspect of weakness in his otherwise absolute reign. Louis…

His main goal with the New France was to make a republic out of it, not a monarchy. His new Republic that was called the “First Consul” was “not like Kings…who see their states as an inheritance.” As you see here is that he doesn’t want to be considered to be a king, but continually…

established Hyderabad as an independent kingdom. After his death, his son: Nasir Jung and his grandson: Muzaffar Jung started to fight against each other for the throne, which gave an opportunity to French and English people to enter into Indian politics. France aided Muzaffar Jung while England supported Nasir Jung. Former Mughal territory Carnatic was autonomous, ruled by Nawab Dost Ali Khan despite being under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad. French and English continued to…

Biographical Background: Charles De Gaulle was a French general who served as President of France from 1959 to 1969. (Charles De Gaulle, 2015) De Gaulle was born into a Catholic and strongly patriotic family. Seeking a career as a military leader, he went to a military academy and joined the French military. Soon after fighting in one of the battles of World War I in 1916 and being captured and injured, he was promoted to become captain. After his promotion, he went on to serve on the Supreme…

Bonaparte, also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered most of Europe in the early 19th century. Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution. After seizing political power in France in 1799, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon I successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. However, after a disastrous French…

important commitments as a patron of the arts and letters was his organization of the royal academies in Paris that promoted progress in the arts, humanities, and sciences. Louis intensified the social value of intellectual and artistic talent in France (Brennan 21). Among the academies opened were the Académie de peinture et de sculpture (1648), Académie des sceinces (1666), Académie Royale de musique (1669), and Académie Royale d’architecture (1671). By opening several academies, the king…