Fracture toughness

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst? Aneurysmal bone cysts are a type of bone cyst where the bone contains a pocket of blood. These abnormal growths are one of the rarer type of cyst. They can grow anywhere in the body, but they most often affect the pelvis, spine, arms or legs. What causes aneurysmal bone cyst? As of right now we are not sure what the exact cause of this cyst. These lesions may sometimes occur because of an abnormality in the blood vessels inside of the bones , which develop as a…

Osteoarthritis Definition of osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis occurs when the loss of protective cartilage that covers the ends of the cones causes cones to rub together during movement, producing pain (ARC Nursing Assistant Training, 2013, p276 Box 16-1). It is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people across the world. While it can affect any bone in the body, it is most commonly found in the joints of your hands, knees, hips, and spine. Although there is no know…

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica is a condition that is associated with excessive parathyroid hormone production (hyperparathyroidism), in which bone tissue becomes soft and deformed. Treatment is directed toward the underlying parathyroid condition and relieving any bone pain. Before 1950, about half of people diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism had Osteitis Fibrosa. Now it is uncommon, probably because patients with hyperparathyroidism are diagnosed earlier, before this complication has occurred. OFC…

Osteoporosis is called a silent disease because a person can’t feel when their bones are weakening (What is Osteoporosis and What Causes It). There are no symptoms for this disease. Many people find out that they have osteoporosis when they have a bone fracture. There are many causes that lead to this bone disease. In…

Bones help animals move, shape and support for an animal’s body. Bones are made up of tissues that continue to grow throughout the animal’s lifetime. But, as an animal gets older the body adds new bone quicker than getting rid of the old. With growth, an animal can run into many issues, one being bone disorders. Bone disorders can affect the growth of a healthy bone, can cause infection, and injure the animal. Bone disorders can be treated with nutritional treatments to help the bone or bones…

• Minimum Density to be 7.8 kgm3 (Azom.com 2015) • Fracture toughness – 112 to 278 Mpam^0.5 (Azom.com 2015) • Tensile strength – 480 to 620 MPa (Azom.com 2015) Figure 2.2 : CES graph of Tensile strength/Density vs Price 2.1.2. Polyester ropes Material selection analysis carried out to select the optimal material…

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common joint replacement procedures performed worldwide, with more than one million replacement surgeries occurring every year [1]. The whole hip joint is replaced by an implant which consists of the femoral stem, the femoral head, and the acetabular cup [2]. Consideration must be given to the types of materials that make up these components, as biocompatibility and mechanical properties determine how the implant functions in vivo. The materials…

Data Analysis Biaxial Tensile Tests Different stress and strain definitions have been used to study the biomechanics of soft tissue [24]. The 2nd Piola-Kirchhoff stress and Green strain definitions have been employed in this study, which are described briefly in the following. The Green strain tensor is defined as E=1/2(F^T F-1), where F is the gradient deformation tensor. For the case of in-plane biaxial stretching in directions 1 and 2, the Green strain in these directions can be written…

During fracture, cracks arise in the matrix and are deflected at the fibres, thereby increasing the fracture surface and elongation at break. Table 1 Properties of CMCs (Ceramic Applications, 2013) 1.2.2 Uses of CMCs CMCs are used in many high temperature processes. They have a very high thermal shock and…

virtually defect free. Because the fibers are kept separated from one another by the matrix, they do not make contact, and crack propagation from fiber to fiber is negligible. Tensile failure of these composites is non-catastrophic: the carbon fibers fracture first, at which point all the load is transferred to the matrix phase; eventually, composite failure concurs with that of the…