Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Stop & Frisk The practice of stop and frisk first began with Terry vs. Ohio. The Fourth Amendment had long required that uniformed officers have probable cause in order to conduct Fourth Amendment invasions in order to administer a reasonable search and seizure. In 1968 the Warren Court, despite its liberal reputation lowered the standards that police officers had to meet. In order to conduct a certain type of search this is now known as “stop’ and ‘frisk. A "stop and frisk" occurs when a…

until after establishing reasonable cause from the service provider search results. This solution is legally acceptable because the government does not have direct access to the data. Without seizure of the content, there is no violation of the fourth amendment. Additionally, because the providers conduct the searches, user’s privacy rights are not in question. Service providers would be compelled to disclose to the consumer that the data is not end-to-end encrypted, but also not explicitly in…

A beat cop observed, while patrolling the downtown area of Cleveland, two strange men and another man alternately pausing and staring into a street window. It was noticeable because it continued to happen and was observed to happen 24 times. The beat cop decided to investigate further because after their completion of their route, it was observed, they met to conference. The new standard of “Reasonable Suspicion” created by the Supreme court for the police department is, in my opinion, valid.…

7/16/2015, at 1933 hours, I was on duty, in uniform, and driving a marked police vehicle (0913). I was dispatched to the Clallam County Public Library (2210 S Peabody Street - which is in the city limits of Port Angeles, Clallam County, Washington State) on report of a male outside that was refusing to leave. The reporting party did not see the male consuming alcoholic beverage, but reported that he smelled as though he had consumed alcoholic beverage. I arrived in the area at 1935 hours. The…

The early October Common Book Event “Friendship Across Cultures was presented by Roger Baumgurte Ph.D. He began the event by giving us a real-life scenario about being in the car with a friend, they hit a person and you are the only witness. The question he asked us was “How would you testify being the only witness?” This was a question asked to people in a study about friendships and how different people treat them. The study showed that Americans would testify against the friend, seeing law…

killing people for no valid reason. Some officers have been indicted and some have been acquitted. In this essay I will argue how police brutality can be corrected with four solutions which are training the officers better, make them abide by the fourth amendment, do more extensive background and psychiatric checks, and make them wear body cameras. I do not think these four things will stop police brutality completely, but I really think it will help resolve some things. The first solution I…

Overview of the Case: Michael Feeney was charged with second-degree murder and was held responsible for the murder of Frank Boyle, an 85-year-old in the small northern town of Likely, B.C. On June 8, 1991, at around 8:20 a.m, Frank’s neighbour found him lying on his back in the living room. Frank was hit severely five times with a crowbar. Blood was spattered all over the walls and the house was looted and his money. Also, sportsman cigarettes and beer was missing. Frank’s car; a red Datsun…

Being a police officer is a very risky and challenging profession. When performing their duty, they often encounter different kinds of circumstances. Circumstances that are unavoidable but usually preventable if they are armed with proper knowledge and training regarding situation before executing the task, like, when they conduct their search of a person, an automobile or of a crime scene. To have a better understanding regarding what the police need to conduct the search, in this paper, I will…

government was monitoring their calls. After the U.S. had established their foothold in the middle east, they have known that with the amount of negativity they were receiving one person would be bound to take it upon themselves and attack the United States. At what price will Americans have to pay for the security of our nation? Is it truly necessary to wiretap every call in hopes to find the one that ruins it all for everyone?…

Issue: Whether Mr. Howard’s 4th Amendment rights were violated when he was stopped and frisked by officers whose only basis for such a stop was an anonymous phone tip? Facts: Our client, Happy Howard, was carrying a concealed weapon while out at a festival. Upon raising his elbow, another citizen noticed the concealed gun and made an anonymous phone tip to the police. The anonymous tipster gave Mr. Howard’s description as a white male, standing at a height of 5’10”, and that he was wearing…