Four stages of competence

According to Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development theory (Santrock, 2014), I would be in the formal operational stage. This stage can begin as early as 11 and continue throughout the lifespan developmental process. In this stage one begins to reason in more abstract, idealistic, and logical ways (Santrock 2014). I would say that I have been in this stage for many years now, and have made a lot of developmental progress throughout this cognitive stage. For example, over the years I have…

In this paper I will describe and contrast two of the major theories in psychology, the Psychoanalytical Theory and the Cognitive Theory. I personally believe that an integration between them would best suit my future approach to counseling. Therefore I will present the main theoretical concepts and psychotherapeutic techniques, and their differences and similarities in order to understand to what extent they can be integrated. Sigmund Freud, the founder and major exponent of Psychoanalytical…

Piaget changed this mindset with the results of his research. Through a series of stages, Piaget was able to introduce a new understanding of the cognitive development in children. Piaget’s stages give an indication…

combined model by describing four stages of trainee development while also stating the benefits of including both models. These combined models provide a framework that provides flexibility, developmental in nature, and easily understood by both supervisor and supervisee; thereby creating an effective training environment that would allow me to…

cognitive development has allowed further reason into the education field, of infamous Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). Vygotsky focused on the cognitive and social development of a child, concentrating on a child’s speech. Studies found that children use stages of speech to support specific tasks to aid their functioning of language and thought. Vygotsky’s…

of a concept and a sound-image. The former is referred to as the signified (orig. signifié), and the latter as the signifier (orig. significant). The relationship between the two is understood in terms of arbitrariness: the concept of ‘a cat’ as ‘a four-legged furry pet of the feline family’ has no inner relationship with the sequence of phonemes /k/, /?/, and /t/, which constitute the word cat. Since the signified and the signifier are both inalienable parts of the sign (i.e. the sign cannot…

self-expression and pure joy. It is not only everyday practice but a part of who I am and what I want to be. I have studied classical ballet (Van Niekerk Academy) and gymnastics since the age of four, which provided me with a strong technical base while participating in multiple workshops and auditions improved my competence. I successfully auditioned to Tring Park School and for several years studied there ballet, modern and tap which encouraged me to treat dance as my true vocation and…

What Makes a Good Supervisor? Introduction The kinship between the supervisor and supervisee is essential to finding the type and quality of counseling supervision, such as therapeutic approaches, structural, cognitive, and event of supervision. Structural includes aspects such as participants’ gender and experience level, the physical facilities and equipment utilized in monitoring, and participants’ personalities or strong instructional style (Nancarrow et al., 2014) Cognitive is…

Goal setting In this case, I would like to use the cognitive behavioral approach to help the client, Wai. There are several cognitive behavioral approached, including the rational emotional behavioral therapy (REBT), cognitive therapy (CT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Arnkoff & Glass (1992) pointed out that all of the cognitive behavioral approach share the same basic chrematistics and assumptions. Firstly, the client and the therapist have the collaborative relationship. Secondly,…

Introduction Human beings are so complex in many ways and it is important for us to understand all developmental stages across the whole lifespan, such as childhood, adulthood, and late adulthood. The science of human developments is a field of study that devoted to understand how and why people change or remain the same over time at all ages in all different circumstances (Berk, 2014). One of common research methods in human development is life story interview which can be an opportunity to…