Forwarding plane

Software-defined Networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm also referred to as a “radical new idea in networking” [1]. The SDN enables network operators to make changes to the network infrastructure without sacrificing network availability and at the same time reduces network maintenance costs by providing a centralized point of control and one unified user configuration interface for switches, routers and middle-boxes1 from diverse vendors [2]. According to Sarah Sorensen, the author of the book of “The Sustainable Network”, “SDN tackles the barriers that constrain scale, automation, and agility by decoupling the forwarding layer from the control layer, which provides a central view and control over the network.” The basic idea behind SDN is to decouple forwarding plane from control plane, therefore SDN- capable switches are merely responsible for forwarding traffic whereas software controllers are middlemen between network applications and SDN-capable switches. For example, a BGP2 network application can reside on a software controller and exchange its routing table with other routers. It also updates the flow-table of the SDN switch according to its routing-table by using the REST APIs of the software controller without knowing about switch specific vendor-specific capabilities. Software controllers also present a unified, centralized and abstract model of the whole network to the network applications. Software controllers are merely programs running on the…

“Do you need a help with your backpack” the stewardess asked me in British accent. “Pardon”, I said “I didn’t hear you well”. She repeated, but I still didn’t understand what she was trying to say. I started to panic. “If I cannot understand British English, which I learned in the university for 1 year, how I will understand American English”. “How I am going to study in University in America if I don’t understand simple things the stewardess was trying to say, maybe I should get out of the…

left for me. I drank the water like I had not drank anything in years and stood up my leg did not hurt at all. I wandered outside. Whoever had helped me had gotten quite a bit of the plane crash. They had at least found five suitcases and had found a bunch of the onboard soda. He saw the pointed shrapnel that he had used on the board it looked like a tip of the spear. He picked it up and saw an opportunity a part of the plane made of reinforced black carbon steel looked like a perfect spear…

Mid Fall 2012 The plane ride here was a long one. The droning engines of the C-17 went on for hours and pierced through my earplugs. I could only feel overwhelmed and excited by what was happening. I was finally getting sent overseas after four long years of basic training. A few nervous thoughts had passed my mind about what could happen, but was soon drowned out by the engines. The passenger section of the C-17 was nothing like a civilian aircraft. A few rows of seats with our gear packed in…

we were headed out to the airport around 5 o’clock in the morning. I was so nervous that I slept the whole ride to the airport. When we arrived at Memphis airport, Josiah said, ¨Mike follow me so you don 't get lost¨ , I laughed and said, ¨okay¨. It was about 30 minutes before our plane was to take off so we just chilled in the boarding area until it was time to board the plane. After maybe 10 minutes I started having butterflies in my stomach, I thought to myself, ¨Do you really wanna do this…

the frozen heels of his palms into his eye sockets. “Thank fuck, you unconscionable bastard,” muttered Reg, leaning back on his heels, and when Lucas re-opens his eyes, he sees Reg running a hand down his haggard face. “I didn’t know you cared,” said Lucas, his voice little more than a rasp. “It’s touching.” Reg snorted. He rocked back on his heels and stood, striking snow from his trousers and striding off a short way. “Hardly. Now that you’re awake, you can help me scavenge…

and find all these places so I know where to get help. Part C: 1. Academic Tasks DE 31 and WR 80 Final Studying for Math Final Non-Academic Tasks Save Money for a plane ticket Learn to fly my drone properly 2. a) DE 31 and WR 80 Final (9) Studying for Math Final (8) Save Money for a plane ticket (2) Learn to fly my drone properly (5) b) DE 31 and WR 80 Final : Yes, the task was both boring and difficult at times. I am going non stop to finish it because I want to get a good grade.…

Family Trips My family loves to travel and our goal was to get to ALL FIFTY STATES, and we had to stay at least one night in each state. So we had been to almost all fifty states and we had an enormous trip coming up and we were doing 17 states in 18 days, all in the same car! We started our trip and we new this trip is gonna eat us up from being so close for so long. We had funny moments about everyday, I would have some animal fact and I would tell my family and they would all just start…

When I arrived at the airport the whole family stood there waiting for me. Theresa, who was the mother of the three kids Elizabeth, Daniel and Kyle, was holding a sign saying 'WELCOME TO USA'. -I know, I said it was cheesy with the sign but she insisted.. Daniel said. I laughed and then we all introduced ourselves. Daniel and Elizabeth was twins and 15 years old, the same age as me. Kyle was 13 years old. Daniel had really dark brown hair and big brown eyes, Elizabeth and Daniel didn't look…

My initial thought of going to Japan is “Are we going to see some awesome neon city in Akihabara or are we going to some rural area with some magnificent landscape that I have seen in the magazines?”. Surprisingly my dad told me we are going to stay in Japan for a month with my grandma and grandpa in Sapporo where many fresh meat is being made locally. Day before the journey begins, I realized this will be my first time riding a plane as well. This frightened me because I am afraid of heights. I…