Fluorescent in situ hybridization

1) Explain how the Lin et al. used the catFISH technique to determine which neurons are involved in particular behaviors (3 pts) Lin et al. used catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridization) to compare the activation of c-fos expression during two successive episodes of behavior (either the same behavior or different) in the same animal. Through experimentation, researchers discovered that animals killed five minutes after fighting expressed…

Cri du chat Syndrome Cri du chat syndrome is an uncommon genetic condition that is caused by missing genetic material on chromosome 5. Specifically a part on the small arm (p) of chromosome 5 is absent. The disorder occurs in 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births according to the US National Library of Medicine. What causes this to happen is currently unknown. Cri du chat syndrome was first described in 1963 by French geneticist Jérôme Lejeune. He noticed that several of his patients…

Pediatric cancer is among the leading causes of death for children today. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "the most prevalent cancers seen in childhood are leukemia’s and brain and central nervous system cancer. Within the United States, these cancers account for the highest incidence and death rates among children today" (2014). Research shows genetic factors play a significant role in causing a variety of pediatric cancers. This paper will provide research and…

Microbial associations with marine invertebrates Marine bacteria can have a large impact on other marine organisms throughout their lifecycle. Marine invertebrates may comprise more than 30% of all animal species and are commonly associated with distinct microbial communities (Otero-Gonzáles et al., 2010). Bacteria, archaea and single-celled eukaryotes may act as larval settlement cues, symbionts or pathogens to a range of marine invertebrate phyla. Bacteria quickly colonize available…

Introduction: Forensic science is the application of various scientific techniques and methods to investigate the physical Crime evidence. Forensic science links the Suspect, victim to crime scene, and link victim to suspect and suspect to victim. To determine the relevance of the evidence, number of different techniques are being used. This evidence is than presented in court of law in order to determine the innocence or guilt of a suspect. Different type of cases are encountered like rape,…

Analysis of DBA+ cells in relation to the position of the cavity will be completed using compound and confocal microscopy with chromatic and fluorescent resolution of DBA labeling. Expected outcomes: Hypothesis 1: All epithelial cells surrounding the cavity are DBA lectin+. No DBA lectin+ cells in the mass of the EB. Hypothesis 2: ‘Salt and pepper’ DBA lectin + cells in the EB progressively invade…

Prader-Willi Syndrome Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder presented at birth that results in numerous physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems, most notably food-related issues and obesity. Infants with PWS are characterized with severe low muscle tone, feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development. Later on, these infants begin to eat excessively and become obese due to the hypothalamus not working properly. Most cases of PWS are not inheritable and are a…

Blood stream infection or sepsis is a life threatening condition. It is caused by the presence of pathogens, mainly bacteria and fungi or their toxins in the blood stream (D. C. Angus and T. van der Poll, 2013). In the USA, septic shock is considered the 10th leading cause of death (Heron, M., D. L, 2006). More than one million sepsis cases are reported annually in the US alone (National Center for Health, 2011). 28% to 50 % of these cases end in fatality (Wood KA, Angus DC, 2004), exceeding…

Molly Press Level 3 Biology Achievement Standard 3.2 – Integrating biological knowledge to develop an informed response to a socio-scientific issue. The use of IVF and Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) PGD is a process that individuals go through when carrying out IVF. It’s is when they screen an embryo for a particular genetic defect that their baby could be born with. The goal for PGD is to produce a baby that is ‘healthy’; this raises questions on what is a healthy baby. The first…

these are “holes” in the walls that connect the atrium and ventricle, upper and lower, chambers of the heart. Eye problems are also common in children with Down syndrome. They can develop near sightedness, astigmatism and strabismus which are imbalanced eye muscles. Also they can develop cataracts which can lead to blindness and what is also seen is Glaucoma, which causes increased eye pressure. They can have eye infections by their tear ducts being blocked. Ear infections are common because of…