Fluid

Trisomy is a cell that has three copies of one chromosome instead of having the normal two copies. Trisomy 21 is known as the congenital disorder Down syndrome. This occurs when each cell has three copies of chromosome twenty one rather than having a pair. Commonly, Down syndrome is caused by nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is "an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis" (Huether,McCance pp.42). Scientists have discovered…

stained amniotic fluid with respiratory distress. Neonates when delivered, the large intrathoracic pressure that accompanies the first inspiration brings meconium from oropharynx and trachea into the lungs. The respiratory distress caused by MAS presents within 12 hr of birth with progressive tachypnea, flaring, grunting, and on chest examination; “barrel” chest. Areas of patchy atelectasis and air trapping are seen on x-ray. About 5% of the neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid…

to our office after she was admitted at 20 weeks for vaginal bleeding and possible PPROM. It does appear that she perhaps resealed as at her on week post hospital follow-up she did have amniotic fluid that appeared somewhat low-normal. We have seen her weekly since then and she has had low-normal fluid continuously. Her transvaginal cervical length has always been long and reassuring. She does have a known low-lying placenta. The concern for PPROM came from her evaluation in Parkwest triage…

These gears all depend on each other as well as a lubricant (differential fluid) to help it transfer power smoothly and easily. Every kind of differential -- front, rear, and limited slip differential -- all need gear oil to keep the differential drive components from overheating or grinding together. Differential Problems and Warning Signs If one of the bearings starts to loosen in your differential or if the differential fluid is thinning and your metal parts start wearing out, you may…

as well as in society in general. Many studies have cited conclusive scientific research indicating female ejaculation is simply involuntary urinantion, while other studies have concluded that female ejaculation is not urination at all, rather the fluid expelled has an entirely differenet chemical composition than urine. The ideas and opionilns about the effect ejaculation…

Today, individuals infected with the HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, can live relatively normal healthy lives (Wein 2015). The HIV virus is transmitted through contact of body fluids from infected individuals. These body fluids are blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions, rectal fluids and pre-seminal fluids (cdc.gov…

potentially reversible so the goal is to eliminate the ause, manage the signs and symptoms and prevent complications while the kidneys recover. A type of conservative thrapy is continuous renal replacment therapy which is a way of removing excess fluid and uremic toxins while acid-base status and eletrolyes are adjusted…

Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver, caused by the Hepatitis B virus[1], and characterized by diffuse or patchy areas of necrosis[2]. Hepatitis studies that classified the types of Hepatitis began after World War II (1945)[3] just over 70 years ago. Two decades later in 1967, Krugman studies found Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B[3]. Another ten years later, the Prince studies found the specific virus surface antigen that causes Hepatitis B[3]. Taxonomically classified in the…

ascites, there is an accumulation of protein rich fluid in the abdominal cavity. Though portal hypertension is the primary cause of ascites, hypoalbuminemia(Low albumin → decrease in colloidal osmotic pressure in BV → fluids escape to interstisial spaces→ decreases blood volume→ kidneys retain water and sodium→ increase in hydrostatic pressure, excacerbating portal hypertension and ascites formation). and the accumulation of aldosterone contribute to fluid accumulation. Care of the patient is…

congestion and edema. Episodes of pulmonary edema usually occur at night. 2. Which of the clinical manifestations given in the case would be found in a patient with left-sided heart failure and why? The crackles heard in his lungs confirm that there is fluid in the lungs. This congestion is the cause of his shortness of breath. His increased blood…