Where P is the permeability coefficient, Q is the amount of permeant passing through the material, x is the thickness of the plastic film, A is the surface area available for mass transfer, t is the time, and ∆p is the change in permeant partial pressure across the film. Hence the permeability coefficient (P) is the proportionality constant between the flow of the penetrant gas per unit film area per unit time and the driving force (partial pressure difference) per unit film thickness. The…
In this experiment, the objectives were to derive an equation for the tension in the string (which had a mass attached and was revolved in a vertical circle motion). In order to complete this, the velocity of the mass would have to be calculated using the measured tension, and this value would then be compared to the expected velocity. The second objective of this experiment was to observe how mass, velocity, and radius affect the tension of the string. These objectives were reached in this…
Degenerate Cases of Conic Sections: Conics are formed when a plane and a double cone intersect. These intersections can form a variety of conics. These include: circles, parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas. A circle can be formed from a cone if a plane intersects with the cone at an angle perpendicular to the base of the cone. This circle is also formed by the equation: (x-h)2+ (y-k)2=r2. This equation creates a relation because the collection of points does not pass the vertical line test. To…
(3) Equation (3) gives limit moment about 11% higher than equation (2) regardless of h. One notable point is that the above solutions depend only on bend factor(h), not on r/t and R/r. Equations (1-3) are applicable only for the pure in-plane bending moment and the effect of internal pressure is not taken in to account. Also these analytical solutions consider constant wall thickness along the contour of the pipe bend cross section. However, the most of the pipe bends are made using a forming…
HYPOTHESIS The main hypothesis being investigated is that a more buoyant boat will have a higher velocity. It will encounter less water resistance as less of the hull is below the water. The secondary hypothesis is that the smaller the angle x, a surface is to the water, it will be able to skim and plane across the surface better, thus achieving greater speeds. The models of the boats will be further explained in the Methodology: Boat Design section. Experiment 1: Model A will have a velocity…
What chracterizes the axial flow turbine is its rotation axis. It could be placed vertically or horizontally to water surface. In this latter type the axis is parallel positioned to the incoming water stream. Also the generator can be submerged under water or non-submerged. This turbine is usually used as tidal energy converter. For small river use, the axis could be an angle inclined to the water stream. See figure \ref{Hydro_HorizontalAxis}. Hydrokinetic converters with a vertical axis…
3.3 Tribological properties of Cr-B-C-N coatings in artificial seawater Fig.10 shows the friction behaviors and the mean-steady friction coefficients of Cr-B-C-N coatings sliding against SiC balls in artificial seawater. As seen in Fig.10a, it is clear that the CrCN coatings showed higher friction coefficient than other coatings during the tribo-test in artificial seawater. The initial friction coefficient of CrCN coatings was 0.17, while that of CrBCN coatings ranged between 0.14 and 0.15. For…
A water jet cutter, commonly called a water jet, is a tool that uses a very high-pressure jet of water or a mixture of water and an abrasive to cut a wide variety of materials. A water jet that does not use abrasives is referred to as a pure water jet or water-only cutting [1]. For a pure water jet (Figure 1) the water is pressurized to the range of 20 - 94 ksi, 138 - 649 MPa at the inlet and forced through an orifice with a diameter of between 0.25 - 4 mm creating a very thin high velocity…
Thermoelasticity describes the interaction of the mechanical fields such as stress, strain and displacement with temperature field and investigates the interaction on the basis of the thermodynamics of the irreversible processes. It relates two separate and independently developed sciences: the theory of elasticity and the theory of heat conduction. The two basic branches of elasticity, namely elastostatic and elastodynamics are developed under different thermodynamic assumptions. The problems…
Does the number of tiny holes in the parachute affect its descension rate Introduction This experiment will determine if the number of tiny holes in the parachute effect will its descension rate.This science of this project includes newtons second law, drag force, gravity, velocity and terminal velocity . This experiments main focus is air resistance. Project rationale/ purpose In this experiment I will test if having small holes in a parachute help the parachute from falling as fast. This…