Fluid mechanics

Concussion report Yearly around 1.6 to 3.8 million people are diagnosed with a concussion and around 25 % of concussions don't get reported to a doctor when they are feeling the symptoms. Concussions takes place in an accident where you take a blow to your head which is unpreventable. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that occurs when there is a blow or a jolt to the head which results into your brain smacking your skull. The effects is that it has on your is that it thebrain loses some…

Thermal dispersion mass flow meters, often called thermal mass flow meters, rely on the transmission of heat from a body to a gas flow. Inside the flow meter sensor head, a heated resistance thermometer (RTD) is electronically compared with an unheated RTD sensor. As a gas passes the heated RTD, heat is transferred from this sensor to the gas, and hence the RTD is cooled, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the two sensors. Heat transfer from the RTD to the process gas is based…

2.3 Computational fluid dynamics Computational fluid dynamics or commonly abbreviated as CFD is the branch of fluid dynamics which is applied to simulate fluid flow, heat transfer, and associated phenomena such as chemical reactions by the numerical solution of the governing equations to analyze complex flows system such as complex turbulent flow (Versteeg and Malalasekera, 1995). Therefore, CFD has often been provided as the tool for testing of conditions which are not possible or difficult…

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What is aerofoil? Aerofoil is a large stucture which is attached to the airplane. It has curved surfaces designed to give required ratio of lift and drag. It helps to create different aeodynamic forces. The force perpendicular to the motion of aeofoil is lift force. The force parallel to the motion of aerofoil is drag force. 1.2 How it works? Aerofoil consists of following components: • Suction surface • Pressure surface • Leading edge • Tailing edge •…

longer the depth of immersion L smaller the thermometric error Lower the thermal conductivity of the well material the smaller the thermometric error Smaller the emmissivity of the well and hence the h_R smaller the thermometric error Larger the fluid velocity and hence the h smaller the thermometric error Example 5.5 Air at a temperature of 100 °C is flowing in a tube of diameter 10 cm at an average velocity of 0.5 m⁄s. The tube walls are at a temperature of 90 °C. A thermometer well of…

Again for the ease of installation and deployment one must consider size constraints. 2.2.4 Tip speed ratio (λ) The tip speed ratio or TSR for the turbines is the ratio between the rotational speed of the tip of a blade and the actual velocity of the fluid. The tip speed ratio is related to efficiency. Higher tip speeds result in higher noise levels and require stronger blades due to large centrifugal forces. It is given by λ =ωR/U (2.3) Whereω is the angular velocity, R is the radius of the…

While designing any aerodynamic body an unspoken assumption of bilateral or mirror symmetry is taken into consideration. Argument against this bilateral symmetry states that “once the velocity of sound is exceeded, the laws of aerodynamics change in such a way as to make it seem inadvisable to arrange the components of an airplane side by side or abreast in a supersonic stream unless there are compelling reasons for such an arrangement.“ 2.1.1 Wave Drag This type of drag is formed as a result…

ABSTRACT Flakiness & Elongation index is one of the most prominent criteria that govern behavior and performance of aggregate in the bituminous mixes. The strength and serviceability requirements of bituminous mixture such as Stability, Flow, Voids in Total mix (VTM), Voids Filled with Bitumen and (VFB) highly depend on the physical properties of aggregates. This study conducted by observing the effect of flakiness & elongated index by adding different percentages from 0% to 50% of flaky &…

disease process causing increased cerebrospinal fluid or CSF inside the skull. Patients may experience loss of vision and severe headaches resulting from abnormally high CSF pressure. (NORD, 2015). The essential function of cerebrospinal fluid has long been thought to be a fluid envelope that cushions, protects, and nourishes the brain and spinal cord, and recent data shows that CSF plays an essential role in the homeostasis of the interstitial fluid of the brain and neuronal functioning…

Everybody has heard of paper maché, but not everyone knows of the much more useful alternative, paper maché clay. It’s simple to use, and easy to fill a space. It is much better than normal paper maché clay, even if it has it’s flaws. The benefits far outweigh the flaws, making it an extremely useful tool in making masks. Masks can be made from all kinds of material, but using paper maché clay is the easiest way to have the most artistic freedom. Paper maché clay can be messy, but so can paper…