Fluid dynamics

Multi-stage fracturing is an advanced drilling technology that enhances the production capabilities through maximizing the contact area of unconventional wells with the reservoir production zones. During the fracturing process, a special fluid (primarily a mixture of sand and water) is blown out at a high pressure into the shale rock formation creating channels through which hydrocarbons can easily migrate to the well. Multi-stage fracturing is a combination of fracturing and plugging processes.…

Introduction Bernoulli principle is a statement of conservation of energy per unit mass for an ideal fluid in steady motion, where it states the sum of pressure, kinetic and potential energies per unit volume is constant (Munson, et al., 2013). Venturi effect is where the pressure of the fluid decreases which causes its velocity to increase as it passes through a constricted section of a pipe. This is the basis of this report’s investigation. The aim of this investigation is to compare the flow…

determined using the wind tunnel experiment. Also understand the aerofoil characteristic in terms of fundamental fluid dynamics. The coefficient of pressure (C_p) is calculated by the ratio of static pressure (P-P_∞) over the dynamic pressure of the free stream (1/2 ρU_∞^2) using the equation: C_p=(P-P_∞)/(1/2 ρU_∞^2 ) . The lift coefficient (C_L) is determined by lift force over the freestream dynamic pressure times the wing area (S) C_L=L/(1/2 ρU_∞^2 S). Aerofoil is one of the most…

production rate and helps understanding how the flow rate is affected by different parameters (Lund). Additionally, in order for fluid to flow there has to be a pressure gradient. As this pressure gradient increases the fluid flow rate increases as well. The Darcy equation incorporates pressure gradient by a negative sign in the equation. The negative sign indicates that fluid in a high pressure area will flow to an area of low pressure. Pressures are related to extracting hydrocarbon from a…

2.1 Fluid Fluid is an any medium that possesses a capability of flow. It lacks a precise outline and assumes the shape of the vessel, in which it is positioned. Fluids can be further categorized in two groups. Liquids. Gases. Fluid mechanics Fluid mechanics deals with the mechanics of fluids and the forces acting upon them (liquids, gases, or plasmas). It can be divided into three sub-categories. Fluid statics. Fluid kinematics. Fluid dynamics. 2.2.1 Fluid Statics Studying the fluids at…

Fluid dynamics relating to bluff bodies, non-streamlined structures or streamlined bodies at large angles of attack, remains a critical focus of study within the fluid mechanics community. One particular area of interests involves the occurrence of fluid-induced vibrations, or more commonly known as vortex-induced vibrations (VIV’s), exerted on bluff bodies. Due to the production of vortex shedding beyond bluff cross sections, an alternating pressure distribution produces periodic fluctuations…

agreement. Further, the effect of the shear rate on slip was investigated. The results can well predict the fluid flow behaviors on a solid substrate, but has to be proved by experiment. PACS: 23.40.-s, 21.60.Cs, 23.40.Hc, 27.40.+z The “no-slip” boundary condition, i.e., zero…

object it comes across. The variation of this pressure has varying effects on types of objects. According to aero-dynamics, the objects which come across the wind are classified as bluff bodies and stream-lined bodies. Bluff bodies are the ones with sharp edges and regular geometrical features. Stream-lined bodies are the ones which have a definite stream-line shape. Wind being a fluid, behaves differently when it strikes either type of bodies. As the wind strikes the stream-line bodies, it…

is the pressure, Re (= ρU∞d/μ) is the Reynolds number, Pr (= μCp/k) is the Prandtl number, T is the temperature, d is the diameter of cylinder, k is the thermal conductivity of fluid, Cp is the heat capacity of fluid, ρ is the density of fluid, μ is the dynamic viscosity of fluid and U∞ is the free stream velocity of fluid. Lift and Drag coefficients are expressed as following: (4a) (4b) The lift and drag coefficients are combine effect of viscous and pressure coefficient. where CLV…

Chapter:5 FUEL CELL MASS TRANSPORT Introduction Basic condition to produce or generate electricity from Fuel cell is that, it must have supplied the reactants and removed products to avoid any interruptions So, this process of supplying the reactants and removing the products is known as Fuel cell mass transport process. Mostly in this Chapter we are concerned with the movement of reactants and products within Fuel cell. Various fundamental equations that govern the transport of matter from…