Flow cytometry

1. Describe 3 targets of antibiotics, why each target is unique to the particular bacteria, and under what circumstance the bacteria could be resistant to that particular drug. (5 pts) As the name implies 50s subunit protein synthesis inhibitors such as erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the 23S rRNA molecule of the bacterial ribosome. This ultimately acts to block the exit of the growing peptide chain. It should be noted that gram+ bacteria more…

Below I am discussing, at length why I believe I should receive the Research Plus Award, addressing each point of the Researcher Excellence Framework, giving evidence how the past two and a half years have contributed to my personal and my career development. 1. Knowledge and Intellectual abilities a. Knowledge base Throughout my PhD I have been able to attend a number of courses organised by the QUB postgraduate centre, which allowed me to further my knowledge and gain valuable skills within my…

activation of DCs and their ability to upregulate activation markers, BMDCs were pulsed with the 3’ and 5’ CpG-OVA conjugates for 24 h and the level of MHC-II, CD86 and CD40 upregulation was measured. Figure 3a shows the gating strategy following flow cytometry of CD11c+ BMDCs. Figure 3b shows that the activation markers CD86 and CD40 were upregulated following incubation with a…

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that is formed by malignant plasma cells. To explain what a plasma cell is, let’s start by talking about lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are one of the main types of cells that make up the immune system. A lymphocyte further differentiates into B cells and T cells. B cells mature and transform into plasma cells. This type of cell makes antibodies (immunoglobulins) that respond to infection by attacking and killing germs. Unlike lymphocytes that are found in many…

C. APPROACH: C.1. Experimental rigor: We will apply our established in vitro and in vivo analyses to the studies proposed in both aims (31, 41, 42). Our preliminary data demonstrated the vigorous infection in both Heterozygotes (Foxn1nu/+) and homozygotes (Foxn1nu/nu) NU/J mice at mucosal sites. To minimize the possible variations in the animals, we will use siblings of these two inbred mouse strains. For the experiments proposed in both specific aims, we will use fifteen animals in each group…

This can provide information about the way proteins move through cells, interact with other proteins, and implement their effects inside living cells (Stretton et al., 1998; Scott et al., 1998). Flow cytometry, specifically FACS when dealing with GFP tagged proteins, is a way to measure and sort proteins and molecules from a mixed biological sample based on their chemical and physical make-up (Ferrari et al., 2004). FACS is a quick and easy method to…

The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis: A Basic and Clinical Approach to Treating Glioblastoma Multiforme Introduction Glioblastoma (World Health Organization grade IV glioma; GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant primary brain tumor in adults, and it is predominantly drug and radiation resistant1. Unlike many other solid tumor types, GBM extensively invades the surrounding brain, but it rarely metastasizes to other organs. Beyond its invasive nature, there are a variety of other hallmarks of…

I. INTRODUCTION Summary. T cells are one of the several types of lymphocytes that performs several functions in immunity. An example function is immune surveillance, a process in which foreign and diseased host cells are recognized and destroyed by natural killer cells. T cells function in immune surveillance by generating a T-cell response (TCR) which allow them to function in fighting against infection (Swann, J. B. et al, 2007). Recent findings indicate TCR and local non-related factors of…

When external antigen causes disease by infection, cell-mediated immune response in our body acts as basal defense system against exogenous pathogen. Native and adoptive immune system has established to attack infected cell by recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There are two major lymphocytes related to killing effect called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.[1], CTLs and NK cells recognize peptide epitope present on MHC class I to find infected cell.…

immune response in the bursa of Fabricius, an organ mainly colonized by B lymphocytes, was assessed upon infection by the avian virus NDV genotype VII IBS002 and genotype VIII AF2240. The cell population in the chicken bursa was evaluated by flow cytometry and the results showed that in normal chickens, this organ was predominantly occupied by B lymphocytes while the T lymphocyte and macrophage populations were at minimal cell numbers. Different from the cell population changes in chicken…