Flood geology

CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION Pan African Orogen (PAO) was formerly introduced by Kennedy (1964) to designate the peak of a wide spread orogenic thermo-tectonic episode characterized by intense period of reactivation and crustal formation. The term Pan African Orogen was used to describe the structural differentiation of Africa into cratons and mobile belts during the Neoproterozoic to earliest Paleozoic time (Kennedy, 1964). However, Kröner (1984) reformulate…

covering the last three centuries of human impact on the planet. Defining this epoch, in terms of both time and space, has also sparked heated debates between different social and geological sciences, specifically the disciplines of Archaeology and Geology. Environmental archaeology has contributed to the defining of the lines surrounding this heavily debated epoch through the…

The Elena Gallegos Open Space area sits near the base of the Sandia Mountains on a piedmont surface. This exercise was intended to gain insight into the mountain-front landforms of the Pino Embayment area. Through the use of surficial geological mapping and soil descriptions we were able to establish relative ages of geomorphic surfaces of the area and determine whether the area displayed qualities of alluvial fan and pediment surfaces. The geomorphic setting of the study area showed…

The Badlands formed from a complex geologic setting. The topography that we see today is formed from erosion of the soft and not well-consolidated rocks. The oldest rocks found at The Badlands National Park are the Upper Cretaceous mudstones of the Pierre Shale (Graham, 2008). Overlying the Pierre Shale is the Fox Hills Formation, and overlying the Fox Hills Formation is the Tertiary White River Group. The White River Group contains a paleosol that are bright red. Overlying the Fox Hills…

features, exercise and leisure. A visit to the lava beds would provide a significant history lesson. The history, landscape, and findings would be beneficial to students who have an interest in history, specifically individuals who would like to study geology, archaeology and even paleontology. Due to their hidden nature, the caves do not attract as many tourists in comparison to more notorious historical sites such as Yosemite National Park, but not all children get to experience an…

Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth’s Lithosphere. The theory was believed to be developed around 1912 by Alfred Wegener. Wegener introduced the fact that all of today’s continents were once a large supercontinent (Pangea) and how they slowly drifted to their present positions. This idea was developed by simple observations such as the fact that the African and South-American coast lines fit together like pieces of a puzzle and that fossils and…

Annotated Bibliography [1] R. Holtz, W. Kovacs, T. Sheahan. An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 2nd Ed. New Jersey: Pearson, 2011, pp. 294-301. Liquefaction is a phenomena that appears in not very cohesive soils. There are many factors linked to the existence of quicksand. Holtz, Kovacs, and Sheahan describe how the seepage forces, liquefaction, earthquakes, soil stress and underground water table are crucial elements to the understanding of quicksand. Additionally, the book provides…

How liveable is Chatswood? Features and Location Chatswood is a growing suburb of Sydney, located approximately 10.6 kilometres from the Sydney CBD via M1 by car. According to the 2011 Australian census, the population of Chatswood is 21,194. It has many parks and reserves, and is comprised of high-rise and low-rise buildings. The Lane Cove river also passes through Chatswood. Map showing location of Chatswood within Sydney = Transit White = Roads = Ocean = Greenery…

Introduction Postulated to be the result of either a long-runout landslide, or a structural pop-up, the Poverty Hills present a unique problem in the geologic community. Located on the western-most edge of the Basin and Range Province in eastern California (Fig.1), and within the Owens Valley basin, flanked by the Sierra Nevada and Inyo/White mountain ranges to the west and east, respectively. The hills are of particular interest as they represent an unusual combination of lithologies,…

Vicunia to lie as we now observe them. Many of the layers contain fossils that have been dated to certain prehistoric periods; this allows us to apply a time scale to the deposition and construction of these layers. We can use the principles of geology and the principles of stratigraphy to explain the geological reasoning behind each episode that lead to the formation of the rock units in the strata. Using these elements we can construct a comprehensive geological outline of the layers of…