Acetylcholine has two types of receptors: muscarinic and nicotinic, these receptors are functionally and structurally different. Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic, meaning that ions flow through it when acetylcholine binds to it. It acts as a channel for the ions that cross it, especially sodium, and this causes the depolarization of the cell. There are two types of nicotinic receptors formed by different subunits, N1 are found in the neuromuscular junctions allowing muscle movement, and N2 is…
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1. A 39 year old US postal worker notices an area of redness and swelling on his left lateral forearm. Six days later he notices that the rash, which is painless, now appears black and swollen. He becomes concerned and goes to the emergency department, where he is subsequently diagnosed with cutaneous anthrax. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely associated with the swelling that surrounds the black rash? A. SNARE protein cleavage B. Overactivation of adenylate cyclase by disabling…
incoordination of speech. It influences your pitch, loudness, voice quality, prosody, respiration and articulation. There are numerous sorts of dysarthria's, which are characterized relying upon the site of injury. The sorts of dysarthrias are: Flaccid Dysarthria situated in the Peripheral nervous system or lower motor neuron. It disrupts the flow of neural impulses along the lower motor neuron that innervates the muscles of phonation,…
to correct her hearing loss. Some additional necessary information may be what was she doing when the tinnitus and hearing loss first started, is the hearing loss increasing over time, and whether or not she is having any balance or facial nerve paralysis. Otoscopy revealed clear ear canals and a normal appearing tympanic membrane for the left ear and…
1.2.7 RABIES (Hydrophobia) IN MAN Clinical features Once the incubation period is competed and the virus begins to multiply in the central nervous system. Clinical signs appear. It should be noted that once clinical signs of rabies begin, there is no treatment available that will cure the poor victim. Only symptomatic therapy will be done. Death is virtually inevitable. Two major clinical patterns of rabies can be distinguished. One is the furious type and other is dump type. The majority of…
“nervousness/restlessness, miosis (contraction of the pupil), rhinorrhea (runny nose), excessive salivation, dyspnea (difficulty in breathing due to bronchoconstriction/secretions), sweating, bradycardia (slow heartbeat), loss of consciousness, convulsions, flaccid paralysis, loss of bladder and bowel control, apnea (breathing stopped) and lung blisters” (Facts About Tabun, http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/tabun/basics/facts.asp). As stated chemical weapons are a very bad tool that we…
Rheumatic Fever is an acute systemic inflammatory condition that appears to result from an abnormal immune reaction occurring a few weeks after an untreated infection, usually caused by certain strains of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. The preceding infection commonly appears as an upper respiratory infection, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or strep throat. Antibodies to the streptococcus organisms form and then react with connective tissue called collagen in the skin, joints, brain, and heart…
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Autoimmune disorder are devastating to individuals because one’s own body is doing the damage to the system. An auto immune disorder is low activity or over activity of the immune system. In the case of over activity the body attacks and damages its own tissues, which is known as an autoimmune disease (WebMD, 2015). Autoimmune diseases affect up to 50 million individuals in the United State, and of that 75% of them are women (Roddick, 2015). Autoimmune disease occur…
Care of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Spinal cord injury is an event that changes a person’s life forever. The classifications of spinal cord injuries are concussion, compression, contusion, laceration, and transection. Injury can be complete or incomplete (Nayduch., 2010). The type and location of the spinal cord injury will determine the care and management of the patient and subsequent complications that arise from the injury. The research will focus on evidenced-based medical, surgical…