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catalyst was highly influenced on the reaction rate, when the particle size of the catalyst was decreased, therefore their surface areas was increased and the ratio of catalyst surface and reactant volume was playing a crucial role for controlling the reaction kinetics. The reaction was takes place on the surface of a substance, increasing the surface area should increases the quantity of the substance that is available to react, and will thus increase the rate of the reaction as well. The size…

4. Results and discussion 4.1 Material removal rate The material removed from each coupon was determined by measuring its mass before and after electro-polishing. Theoretical values were then obtained using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis as shown in Equation 9. (9) Where m is the mass of material removed in grams, I is the current and t is the electro-polishing time. EW is the equivalent weight which depends on the chemical composition of…

illustrates the experimental rig used for the kinetic analysis of reactive flash volatilization (RFV) of acetol and guaiacol. The flow rates of oxygen and nitrogen gases were regulated using mass flow controllers (the type and serial number). Water, on the other hand, was delivered to an evaporator by a high-performance liquid chromatography pump (Agilent) at rates between 0.06 to 0.17 ml/min. The evaporator set at a temperature of 180C allowed to ensure water was in vapor form before entering…

recognize as the best method for investment project valuation (Goh, Kuo, Ong, & Rodrigues, 2009). It tells whether the investment will increase the firm’s value (Peterson-Drake, n.d.). Indicates whether a proposed project will yield the investor’s required rate of return (Jory, Benamraoui, Boojihawon, & Madichie, 2016). It is consistent with the theory of wealth maximization (Imegi, & Nwokoye, 2015). Moreover, net present value method considers all the cash flows, it makes use of all the project…

Research Question How does the increase of concentrated hydrochloric acid affect the rate of the chemical reaction with sodium thiosulphate? Background to the Research question Chemical reaction involves the chemical change of atoms and molecules, it will occur when two or more molecules interact with each other and the molecule will change. Thus, bonds between atoms are broken down and then new molecules are formed. Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium thiosulfate are both colourless and clear…

the bonds are broken, but in both energy is required to start the chemical reaction. This energy needed to start a chemical reaction, activation energy, comes from enzymes. Enzymes (almost always proteins) are organic catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions and allow the reactants to get the most out of the energy available. They do this without changing the reaction. Without an enzyme, then many chemical reactions may not occur because the activation energy could be too high to be…

Chapter 4 - Discussion A standard curve of p-nitrophenol was drawn at the start of the project, before any enzyme assay of the fractions. The standard curve is set up so the equation of the line can be used to measure the enzyme activity in each sample fraction. P-nitrophenol shows a linear relationship with acid phosphatase. An Enzyme assay gives the activity levels of acid phosphatase in each fraction. The results from each fraction were placed into the equation of the line from the standard…

The pin holder was loaded by a load of 3, 5 and7 kg and the rotation speed of the disk was set to a value 344 rpm which corresponds to the sliding speed of 0.811m/s. The number of rotations was fixed to reach the sliding distance of 12000 m. Both contact surfaces were polished before the test with a polish paper. The samples used were made of gray cast iron substrates that were about 7 mm thick; they were created in a base material, 3 microchanels…

INTRODUCTION Trypsin is a proteolytic enzyme, important for the digestion of proteins. Enzymes are biological catalysts for metabolic process in cells. A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a reaction. Enzymes act as catalysts for chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are large proteins that are not consumed or changed in a chemical reaction. They are highly specific to the substrate - the substance an enzyme acts on - they act upon. When an enzyme is available with an empty…

I: Introduction: a. background information- Physical Changes are changes that do not involve a change in molecular structure. They can be identified by a change in size, a change in shape, or a change in the state of matter. Chemical changes are changes that involve the re-arrangement of atoms in the molecule. They can be identified by a color change, if a new gas is given off, if a precipitate or new solid forms, and if light, electricity, or heat is given off. b. observations- The observation…