Fiscal policy

• New Opportunities from the Integration of Production and Distribution: The expansion of the railroad network linked the far-flung regions of the United States into a national market, making it possible for firms in industries characterized by economies of scale to lower their unit costs by concentrating production in large facilities. In such industries the average size of the production unit rose over time and the number of firms declined. At the same time, the level of geographic…

In this paper is analyzed how the Riksbank's system for payment among banks and customers works. The Riksbank, according to Sveriges Riksbank Act maintain price stability which apply through an inflation target of two per cent. In addition to this, the Riksbank has been given the task of providing a secure and efficient payment. The Riksbank, fosters stability in the entire Swedish financial system. It provides banknotes and coins and an electronic settlement system for payments between banks,…

trade liberalization brings income inequality to the country. However, in my stand, a country’s development and ability to reduce poverty after the adoption of trade liberalization completely depends on how the government implement and adapt to the policies which have the capacity to affect the country’s economy positively. The aim of this paper is to support my claim with the case study of Vietnam, a country which reduced…

Monetary policy is the process of managing money supply by Monetary Policy Committee to achieve the stability and economic growth such as inflation, maintaining stable exchange rates, achieving full employment and economic growth (bankofengland, 2014). Monetary policy involves changing certain types of interest rates, which may directly or indirectly through open market operations; specified…

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ZIGAMA CSS 20. ZIGAMA Credit and Savings Society (ZIGAMA CSS) is a financial cooperative with a membership exclusively made of security organs of the state (army and police). ZIGAMA CSS Bank was made in order to improve the livelihood of security members. Having been founded in August 1997 (officially inaugurated in March 1999), it was operating from its headquarter in Kigali but as it earned profits, it has expanded its network and opened some branches across the…

Barilla is a pasta manufacturing company that enjoyed double-digit growth rates of up to 21% in the 1980s decade but, was faced with economic problems at the onset of the 1990s decade (Hammond, 1994). The root of Barilla's problems is the increased frequency of demand fluctuations and a rigid distribution system. As a result, the heads of the logistics department proposed a change in the distribution process to the "Just-In-Time-Distribution" (JITD). However, the changes in the distribution…

neoliberal attitudes. To quote David McKnight “In effect, Kevin Rudd sees the financial crisis as the Berlin Wall of the free-market, marking the end of an era”. (McKinight, 2009) “The current crisis is the culmination of a 30-year domination of economic policy by a free-market ideology that has been variously called neo-liberalism, economic liberalism, economic fundamentalism, Thatcherism or the Washington consensus.” (Rudd, 2009) ‘A modified form of liberalism tending to favour free-market…

However more proposals for policy adjustments within the government started flowing in coming years. 3 This is the base of what “Cool Japan” fund was built upon. A new policy to support the “content industry”. The proposal for “Cool Japan” initiative first came to light in 2011 to Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry , but was established to take action…

B. Macroeconomic and Industry Analysis Macroeconomics is the study of the behaviour of the economy as a whole based on key indicators to perceive the health of the economy. These indicators include national output, inflation and unemployment (Heakal, 2011). The Vodacom Group Limited 2013 Annual Report stated that in 2012, Vodacom appointed the Economics Information Services to assess and document the broader social and economic contribution that the company has made to South Africa between 2006…

1.1. Granger causality test 1.1.1. Pre-crisis period from 2005 to 2007 Since we aim to compare the causal relationship between stock price and exchange rate before and after the 2008 global financial crisis, we analyze the Granger causality test results in different subperiods separately first. Before the test, we use final prediction error (FPE) criterion to select lag orders. During the pre-crisis period from 2005 to 2007, an optimal lag length of one was selected for all the seven markets.…