Fiscal policy

Floor Brouwer, a senior research scholar at Wageningen University, specializing in natural resources and agriculture, made valuable edits to the book, Sustaining Agriculture and the Rural Environment: Governance, Policy and…

executives is a balance of effective administration of government policies and protection of the individual citizen’s rights. Personal liability can be described as public officer’s individual responsibility as an employee of the government, whereas, official liability of public executives is the governmental liability where the government pays for the damages suits against the government unit. The officials making the offending policy have to account for their actions to the constituents they…

are opportunities for Australian citizens to participate in several stages of the policy cycle. In the following essay I argue that there are various avenues for private citizens to have their voice heard in the area of policy making while perhaps fewer opportunities in the area of policy implementation. I discuss the role of parliamentary committees, think tanks and interest groups as potential avenues for policy influence. Recognising that public servants and politicians are citizens as well,…

By reading and listening to the narrative stories, the public gets to know who is to blame for the success or failure of a certain policy decision. The media achieves this by telling stories of helplessness and control, which show that a certain problem was as a result of human action. Such stories serve to demonstrate that individuals or groups have been benefiting by exploiting ignorance…

parties, have promulgated their positions on foreign policy. They have different views on various issues, such as climate change, trade deals and cooperation with other countries. From realism to neo-Marxism, there are many contending theories on international relations, and the candidates’ policy can be interpreted through the different lenses. There are several principal theories of international relations that prove useful in evaluating foreign policies. Realism, mainly contrasted with…

these recent changes in ethnic diversity and its impact on policy making. This paper seeks to answer the following proposed questions: 1) Does descriptive representation matter in bureaucracies? 2) Does descriptive representation lead to policy formulation and implementation representative of all interest? Of the literature reviewed, the accepted consensus is that descriptive representation is important and generally leads to representative policy making and application. Bureaucracies are…

to action for nurses to take active leadership in policy making to effect change in healthcare. Nurses have the knowledge and the understanding of how social inequities drastically affect their patient population. However, there is a disconnect that happens in translating this knowledge into public policy. The working knowledge of nurses regarding human interaction, social, cultural, and environmental influences make their contribution to policy creation invaluable.…

United States policies are orientated toward solving a problem in the form of regulation or law. Policies are generally a set of objectives set by the government relating to the health and welfare of the public. Foreign policy specifically, is directly related to war-waging, treaties, and diplomatic relations. The secretary of the state and secretary of defense assist the president into making foreign policy decisions. Foreign leaders who make threats to the United States often drive policy…

History of U.S. Foreign Policy, gives insight into the important, and often ignored, effects foreign policies throughout the history. Alongside keen insights on foreign policy, Kaufman provides detailed events in which domestic relations coincide with the effects and creation of foreign policies. By providing the reader with concise examples, Joyce Kaufman provides detailed connections between governments, economies, and individuals that are ultimately intertwined by foreign policy. More…

The policy process model posits a logical sequence of activities affecting the development of public policies. The public process model takes in a lot of important aspects of policy making that goes hand in hand with political reality. Those aspects are stages or components because it helps with decisions in the different ways of life of a group of people and formal settings. Policy cycle is used to described policy process model because the process is in a continuous cycle, whether than a…