First aid

Epidemics of HAV infection may occur in select communities, causing adding risk. Hepatitis B Hepatitis B, which was first reported in 1961, is a common sexually transmitted disease with potentially serious complications, including death. In the United States, HBV leads to an estimated 6,000 deaths annually. HBV is primarily transmitted by blood, although others body fluids…

Zika virus can be spread during both the daytime and nighttime by a mosquito that carries the virus. A pregnant woman who is infected with Zika can pass the virus to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth, which can cause serious birth defects. It is unknown whether pregnant women are more likely to develop symptoms of the disease compared to the general population. A person infected with Zika can spread the disease with a sex partner during the time of unprotected sex. There is…

Public Health Problem Severe acute respiratory syndrome also known as SARS was caused by an unfamiliar animal coronavirus that highly took advantage of the “wet markets” in southern China to adapt and succeed as an infectious virus between humans. Hospitals and international travel were the main pathways that led to a local outbreak and eventually to a global scale. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) between November 2002 and July 2003, the outbreak of SARS caused 8,096 cases and…

Brazil has finally declared an end to the public health emergency over the Zika virus after a long 18 month outbreak that affected many citizens of Brazil (Press Associated). Zika, a disease that comes from mosquitoes, was never really considered a major threat to the world until an outbreak that started in 2015 showed that the virus can cause birth defects. One of these birth defects is microcephaly, which causes a baby to be born with a much smaller skull than expected. People became more…

potential for violence, and discrimination is the fear that people with positive status live with. The comment, "We can fight stigma. Enlightened laws and policies are key. But it begins with openness, the courage to speak out. ", by Hanna Fishman an AIDS awareness activist, is a powerful one (Candidate, 2014). Searching for information regarding confidentially and disclosure in the HIV positive population, I found another recent case of a HIV positive man that infected at least two women in…

Hepatitis C Hepatitis C, or Hepacivirus, is a virus that when contracted destroys the liver. The virus can never be fully cured, but people who have contracted it can take medication to control the symptoms. The virus is contracted through blood products or from mother to infant during pregnancy or nursing. The virus was found by multiple scientists at the Centers for Disease Control, in 1989. The scientists found that Hepatitis C was the result of nearly every case of hepatitis that wasn't…

Poliovirus was one of the most deadly viruses in the world. 25 years ago, polio was a disease in 125 countries and paralyzed and killed up to 350,000 people. The body system that is affected most by polio is the central nervous system. The virus Poliovirus Poliovirus enters your body through the mouth, and then eventually makes its way into the blood and central nervous system, where it will affect nerve tissue where it causes paralysis and wasting of muscle tissue. The virus can be prevented…

vast majority of people living with HIV are in low-to middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.” According to AIDS.gov, most people who have HIV/Aids are on the lower end of the socio-economic scale in Africa. This can play an important role in the diseases that are all around in Africa; most of Africa has HIV/AIDS. According to the figure 1 below, 24.7 million people live with HIV and out of the 25.7 million, only 39% of them are receiving treatment. This could be because…

Stage three of the disease is when an infected individual begins to exhibit opportunistic infections and CD4 count falls below 500/ ml. The final and heightened stages of HIV infection are often described as full-blown AIDS, wherein the immune system is significantly damaged. The symptoms of this stage include chronic symptoms like rapid weight loss, serious fever (reaching temperature of 100 degrees F), soaking night sweats, chronic diarrhea, vomiting, dry coughs, short breaths, distorted…

For the initial entry of the virus, the ephrinB2 domain is necessary. Once entered through micropinocytosis, protease cathespin L activates the virus (12). Nipah Virus can replicate very easily in human lung fibroblasts. It can infect the surrounding cells by either cell-to-cell spread or through release of infectious particles. When monocytes get infected, they can transmigrate through the blood brain barrier to infect the brain. This could be plausible if the monocytes were inefficient in…