Fiber-optic communication

Electron motion in atomic systems, which happens on timescales of attoseconds, is at the heart of all phenomena in nature (except for nuclear processes). Electron motion is responsible for the emission of light and photosynthesis in plants. Electron motion across biological molecules transports information in our nerves and is involved in processing this information in our brains. Moreover, the valence electrons are responsible for binding atoms to form molecules. The structural change of…

1. Doppler radar systems provide information about the movement and position of targets. They work by sending a beam of electromagnetic waves at a specific frequency, at a moving object. When a microwave bounces off the object, its wavelength shifts as the object moves (this is known as the Doppler effect). The radar detects the shift and calculates how fast the object is traveling, along with it's location. 2. Polarized sunglasses block reflected light (glare). Since polarized light waves…

Joseph von Fraunhofer was a German optician and physicist who discovered and influenced how astronomers view the dark line spectrum, the spectrum of the sun and the diffraction of light. His discoveries turned him as a glassmaker with humble beginnings into a scientists whose discoveries would allow scientists after him to calculate the distances of stars and lead them to recognize that the universe is expanding. On March 6, 1787 in Straubing, Bavaria, Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer was born into…

A light microscope works like a telescope using glass lenses to reflect light, which magnifies images which are naked to the human eye such as cells and dust. The lens closest to your eye is called the eyepiece lens. This usually has a magnification of x10. Objective lenses are lenses of several different strengths which magnify the image. The stage is the place where the microscopic slide sits. This is held in place by the clips. The light source (can be a mirror or a bulb) projects light onto…

Crane’s description of the bar where Pete works subtly highlights the deceptiveness of this bar’s appearance. The words “imitation leather” depict the fake or misleading qualities of the bar. The “massiveness” of the “shining bar” is another deception of appearance as the “mirrors set in the face of the sideboard” make it look larger than actuality. The mirror also “multiplied” the number of “shimmering glasses” giving the feeling of elegance and high quality. However, the glasses were never…

Refraction of light is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. This is the bending or breaking that occurs throughout this lab. Learning about refraction is the main purpose of this lab and is explained through four separate experiments. The first experiment includes a medium size glass, water, and a pencil. The first step of this section was to fill the glass to two-thirds full of water. Then take the pencil and circle it around both…

The technique used in representing three-dimensional images onto a two-dimensional picture plane is what is known as Perspective drawing. More specifically, Linear Perspective is described as ‘a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.’ Certainly one of perspectives’ main uses in painting is in establishing the position from which the artist or spectator observes…

Annotated Bibliography and Reflection Kropscot, Carole . “Basic Portrait Photography.” Just for Beginners (2009): 5. Print. (Atkins) This article goes on to explain the photographer gets the subject to be all natural and not nervous. They do it by just striking conversation with them. Also you do not have to have a expensive flash, you can use a lamp to get the same lighting. I learned that outdoor light in the shade is better than direct sunlight because of the lens flare. One of the main…

Have you ever stood at the beginning of a very long room or hallway? If you have, then you probably noticed that everything gradually gets smaller in the distance. This is called linear perspective and it is defined by creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface through a series of lines that converge in a single vanishing point. Many architects use linear perspective in there work to this day, but Filippo Brunelleschi was the one who started it long ago in the design and construction of…

An inverted fluorescence microscope is an inverted compound light microscope equipped with modules to internally separate the different wavelengths of light, and direct them to respective detection channels. Its main components include a light source, an objective, a filter cube and a detection unit, which can be an eyepiece or a camera (Fig.1). Filter cube is a component which separates a fluorescence microscope from a light microscope. It consists of one excitation filter, one emission filter…