Female genital cutting

The practice of female genital mutilation, where the female genital organs are altered or removed for non-medical reasons, still occurs to this day in some cultures. Female genital mutilation can include removing the clitoris, labia minora and labia majora, infibulation where the opening to the vagina is restricted, and other harmful procedures such as scraping and cauterizing the genital area (Female Genital Mutilation). The procedure is usually performed on girls under the age of 15 and the…

instance, in the remarkable works of Obioma Nnaemeka, Bringing African Women into the Classroom: Rethinking Pedagogy and Epistemology, the author explains that when she teaches clitorectomy in her class, she does so “in tandem with teaching abuses of the female body in other…

Crime against women is a separate issue of criminal justice studies, because as the men dominate the system. The men realize that the can punish themselves because under the patriarchy ideals; the violence against women is not a crime. The men who run the system tend to sell the idea to society that this violence against the women is a social problem. Therefore the society assume that the women know how this relationship works when agree to be part of this. It is for this reason that the…

cultures, when does a certain practice/belief become a violation of human rights? Anthropologist Claudie Gosselin examines the issue of female genital mutilation in the country of Mali through a recent ethnography and discusses the controversies surrounding the issue. Gosselin forms her arguments from Boas and other anthropologists to explain her research on female genital mutilation and how feminist anthropologists should study this issue.…

the article by Richard A. Shweder, “Female Genital Mutilation”? And Why Understanding Culture Matters in the First Place”, the author emphasis female circumcision and the relationship to culture (Shweder, pg.1). The author is focusing on female circumcision however it can also be related as female genital mutilation (FGM) in other cultures. (Shweder, pg.1) Throughout this article, the author specifically focuses on the thought of the cultures which practice female circumcision (Shweder, pg.2).…

The enforcement of female circumcision and menstruation taboos exemplifies paternalism. The practice of female circumcision and development of menstruation taboos shows how ritual pollution, false consciousness, and different ideologies are utilized to enforce something that is controversial. Through paternalistic methods, female circumcision and menstruation taboos are deeply rooted into many cultures and are good examples of how men keep women in subordinate positions. Female circumcision and…

negative impact on females. In Margie Piercy’s poem “Barbie Doll” she discusses the impractical stereotype and pressure that society puts on women. The standards for a woman’s body have a negative effect on females. In the poem Piercy wrote, “She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose and thick legs”. The thought…

has many variables. For the sake of this paper, and most commonly, I will refer to the above mentioned as Gender Reassignment Surgery (GRS). In essence, this is a procedure that permanently alters and reassigns ones born gender from male-to-female, or female-to-male. This might sound simple, however there are many things to consider when one is deciding if GRS is best. In addition to the surgical procedures, one must also consider the emotional, social, and financial aspects of gender…

foot binding in 1902. Unfortunately, not every country has stayed with the times. In Saudi Arabia and Vatican City, women are still not even allowed to vote. India had a female president from 2007 to 2012, yet women still face many inequalities there, such as sex-selective abortion. In Mali, few women escape the torture of genital mutilation, many are forced into early marriages, and one in ten dies in pregnancy or childbirth. Women everywhere face challenges due to their…

Circumcision and female genital mutilation procedures have been practiced in traditions for thousands of years. Due to the ongoing traditional practices of circumcision and female genital mutilation, results show that there are many different negative effects on some males and females who go through these procedures. These procedures have been debated upon due to their long term effects even though they are a part of religious practices. Some believe that circumcising girls and boys at a young…