Fard

Islam is the second largest and fastest growing monotheistic religion in the world today. It began in the Arabian Peninsula during the seventh century CE after Allah (God) revealed himself to the final prophet Muhammad. At this time the main religions where polytheistic and many God’s and idols were worshipped. Muslims, the adherents of Islam, believe that the prophet Abraham was the first Muslim because he was the first to believe in a single God. The word Islam means the submission to God and…

As a member of the public sector one must always consider the level of responsibility gained while upholding their position as every task and decision made as a member of the public sector is on behalf of one’s community. In doing so the level of importance for one’s accountability is of the highest importance. Public Administrators often face difficult decisions in which ethics are called in to question and the consequences can be devastating but the manner in which a public administrator acts…

The black consciousness movement was revolutionary; encompassing all black institutions, including the black church. From the moment the African forged his path on the foreign soil of America; he was subjected to dehumanizing tactics; calculated measures to keep them in not only physical but also mental bondage. The collective conscious was based on the perception existing solely on the conceived ideals and societal relationship determined by white America. The once familiar reality was now a…

The Principle of Intention (Niya) The divine-human relationship connected faith to action where individuals demosntrate faith through action, including action to fullfill divine commands. The action of individuals will be judged based on their adherence to the legal value of the action, the efforts spent in fullfilling the action, and the intentions behind the action: apparent and hidden. The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) said: "Actions are judged according to the intention behind them, and for…

Throughout history, African Americans have dealt the most with discrimination. For decades and to this day, they are fighting for equal rights. Blacks have had less opportunities to succeed in life and voice their opinions. Because of these on going issues, the Black Panther Party (BPP) was formed in 1966. The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (later dropped ‘ for Self-Defense’) were considered the voice of those oppressed during this period of time (Trueman). Initially, the Black Panther…

Malcolm X was a man of various ideologies and ways of protest. During the civil rights movement he gained high traction and large populations of radicals (and those alike) looked up to him. These ideas were prominent then and still have purpose, power, and pride today. AA.com states that in the 1960’s, Malcolm X spoke to the black community in a way which connected them to their fellow African Americans who had long suffered trauma and injustices, sparking action and change. In return for today,…

The under developed nations are currently in quest for formulas that could help their economic development and social progress. This has given much limelight to the area of practice and management of institutions which have been the key contributor to a state. Efficient management, sound economic institution coupled with great strategies is essential to erode the root of backwardness (Ali, 1988). The conventional view management as a process towards organisational goal by engaging in four major…

Sadat Cano Arizona State University Unique Gang In the United States CJS 468 1/2/2015 What makes the gangs in the United States unique is that gang members in the United States are more likely to get arrested for drug and alcohol related crimes than non-gang members. In cities of the United States almost all report gang activity “86% percent of the United States report gang activity.”(Donnelley, 2014). This means that for every city, an average “¾ of the population report” (Donnelley…

Dr. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam was of colossal importance to the development of Islamic militant radicalism and his ideas were a significant foundational support of the establishment and structure of al-Qaeda. Azzam was born in 1941 in Jenin, Palestine, where previously to Azzam’s birth, the British under the Balfour Declaration of 1917 was under the obligation of providing and maintaining in Palestine, a nation for the home of the Jewish people. This declaration was made between the Foreign Secretary…

Asma Barlas performed a workshop on Islam and Autonomy, she showed a picture of a Burqa-clad woman which raised the question “does the Qur’an support gender equality?” Barlas raises many issues addressing her research subject about what the Quran says about patriarchy. I will be discussing Barlas arguments in depth and viewing whether the Quran truly treats males and females equally. In summary of Barlas article she states, if cultural modes represent differentiation then what better maker on…