Fard

In 2011, the French banning of religious face coverings caused much controversy within the Muslim community. This brings several questions to the table, such as cultural relativism, or understanding a culture, rather than judging. Veils, burkas, or niqabs, are the covering of either the face or the body of many Muslim women. Face coverings can be seen from several different perspectives. “To some, it is a sign of oppression and cultural separatism; to others, it is an exercise in modesty, pious devotion, and even self-expression.” (Everett etal. 2015: 91) Many Muslims, and French people alike, feel as if this ban is unnecessary and is religiously targeted which coincides with shocking news stories of the treatment of Muslims in France. However, the law is still in place today, and a large number of individuals hold the banning of face coverings in high regard. This ban started slowly, in 2004, with religious symbols being banned in school. Even recently, Muslim prayer space being limited. Several Muslim women even enjoy not having to wear a veil, since the face covering makes it easier for them to be spotted in a crowd. However, some women choose to wear the coverings, since it is a part of their religion that holds importance to them. This brings up several inquiries for the French culture and their opposing ideas as well as the beliefs of the Muslim people. Two centuries ago, the French fought a bloody civil war to overthrow monarchy and to seperate church from state.…

D. Fard or Master Fard Muhammad, established the Allah Temple of Islam in Detroit, Michigan during the 1930s. Although Fard’s beginnings are mysterious, his teachings had a significant impact on African American communities, especially those living in cities such as Detroit and Chicago. Fard spoke about black self-rule and empowerment by emphasizing that African Americans should repossess their own identity and background. He asserted that black people were the first inhabitants of the earth,…

escape from the discrimination they faced everyday. Noble Drew Ali taught out of the Holy Koran, which teaches “ ‘classical’ black nationalism” (Miyakawa 10). This drew many African Americans to Noble Drew Ali’s teachings. He taught his followers how to fit into the corrupt American culture and that they were equal to whites. Noble Drew also taught separatism from the whites and their culture. No one knows whether Noble Drew was murdered or was forced to disappear by the FBI. His followers were…

most adults fear but also know is coming at such a young age. At the age of, he experienced his father's actual death. Malcolm X went through something that most adults hate but also know is coming at such a young age. At the age of six, his father literally passed away, and at the age of twelve, his mother passed away emotionally. Elijah Muhammad's interpretation of Islam took its inspiration after W.D. Fard, an important figure in the movement during the 1930s. According to reports, Fard went…

Fard stressed Black nationalism, spiritual balance and self-help, as Malcolm found the best way of understanding his role and place in the society.The message of the Black separatism and self-governance of the Nation of Islam was the thing that attracted Malcolm’s will for independence and empowerment in the Black community. Malcolm X went through an important personal transformation from the time he was in prison. Confrontations with mentors like "Bimbi" and step by step deepening of Elijah…

Malcolm X was a well known figure in the Civil Rights Movement, he was deeply influenced by four key antecedents who shaped his beliefs and teachings. This research paper aims to investigate the origins, influence, and teachings of four outstanding figures: Elijah Muhammad of the Nation of Islam, Wallace Fard of the Allah Temple of Islam, Noble Drew Ali of the Temple of Moorish Science, and Marcus Garvey. First I want to introduce Elijah Muhammad, he played a crucial role in Malcolm X's life by…

an ideology, a phenomenon or an economist sees globalization as a step toward a fully integrated world market (Farazmand, 1999). In his book “The World Is Flat: A Brief History Of The Twenty-First Century,” Thomas L. Friedman spoke with David Rothkopf, a former Department of Commerce official, and he indicated globalization is a word used to describe the changing relationships between governments and big business (Friedman, 2005). The changing relationships between governments and big business…

regardless of the encouragement to fight. Born on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm X was a well-known black nationalist leader who served as a spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Due mostly to his efforts, the Nation of Islam grew from only a little 400 members at the time he was released from prison in 1952 to 40,000 members by 1960. Effective, passionate and a inspirational speaker, Malcolm X strongly encouraged blacks to cast off the chain of racism "by any means necessary,"…

absolute government. Racial uplift was the main objective of Garveyism. The community was constructing their own education, their own industrial opportunities (PBS). Opportunities that was not given to them. The black race had to fight for what they wanted. If it wasn’t for the push from Delany, racial uplift would not play a key role in the lives of African Americans in the past. Around the time of the economic depression, the NOI, Nation of Islam, became an organization. This organization…

full fledged movement that changed the perception of blacks from ignorant servants and workers to people who could lead and start thriving separate communities. From the Depression to the 1960s, the driving force of the black nationalist movement was the creation of black-oriented religions that fueled enmity and hatred against whites (SPLC Staff). The religion that exerting basically all of the influence was the Nation of Islam, or the NOI. The NOI was formed in the 1930s by a Detroit peddler…