Facial expression

modifications of genes in an animal can be highly unpredictable. The unpredictable nature can be attributed to the fact that no set of DNA is identical. Two of the same genes can be expressed differently, even in the same species. The difference in genetic expression can cause a series of unsatisfactory results (“Why Animals Are Not Good for the Study of Human Disease” 3-4). The animal’s system is designed to function based of the conditions that it was born under and altering these genes alters…

The purpose of this experiment was to identify the different absorbance levels and response between normal cells and cancerous cells. Also, the difference between resting or stimulated cells and whether they have a difference in absorbance from each other. Inactivated forms of ERK cells don’t react and bind to the antibody on the ELISA plate, therefore this results in a no colour change on the plate. Whereas activated with added phosphate ERK cells react with the antibody and so antibodies do…

Charbill Klayme 0993551 Dr. Hye-Jeong Yeo Functions of SREBPs Abstract SREBPs are 1,150 Amino Acid long proteins that are used to activate cholesterolgenesis. SREBP-1a are used to induce all the response genes. The SREBP-2 are used to allow expression of the LDL receptor. Ubiquination, usually by the kinase GSK3, can be the weapon to destructing SREBPs. SREBP-1a will build more cholesterol and fatty acids in rats and mice when it is over expressed. The SREBP-1c are best studied in the…

Epigenetics is the study of how changes and environmental factors experienced by an organism can affect the way genes are expressed without altering the genetic code. Epigenetics has also been linked to ageing. The reason why epigenetics affects ageing is because the DNA methylation acts as a clamp on the chromosomes, so when it comes time for the cell to replicate and unwind its chromatin from around the histones to copy the DNA, the methylation groups don’t allow that segment of DNA from being…

Cancer is the name given to the disease in which changes in gene expression cause an uncontrollable division of abnormal cells in any given part of the body. Cell growth and division are regulated by specific genes, and these genes include those for growth factors, along with their receptors, and the intracellular molecules of signaling pathways. Cancer can occur whenever a mutation alters any of these genes. These mutations can be random and spontaneous, however they can also be caused by…

According to the patient’s history, Donna is experiencing allergic rhinitis. This type of allergic reaction is typically diagnosed based upon symptoms and the patient’s detailed history. It is visible that Donna is not having a acute severe infection due to her stable vital signs and lungs are clear to auscultation and percussion. Considering the patient has a history of itchy eyes, nasal congestion, and watery discharge it is clear to determine the diagnosis. Allergic rhinitis comes in two…

factors that contribute to the ageing process. Aggravation or alleviation of these could contribute to the acceleration or delaying of the ageing process (3). One of the primary hallmarks is epigenetics (3); defined as changes in the activity and expression of genes that occur without modification in DNA sequence (4). These changes are performed through transcriptional control. One of the most important mechanisms of epigenetics is DNA methylation, regulated by protein complexes such as…

Affect gene expression by activating or silencing it Controls transition from pluripotency state to differentiation, which allows different types of cells to be made and specialized Cell regulation of the circadian rhythm or the physical/mental behaivors of a living organism according to their environment, affects the circadian period Affect cell-fate decisions; mediate embryonic stem cells Connections to non - RNA epigenetic/gene regulation: DNA/RNA Methylation and gene expression regulation;…

Cancer is a condition where abnormal cells grow and divide or normal cells divide at an accelerated pace more times than they should. Cancer.gov describes cancer as follows “Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.” The human body is a marvelous machine. It is designed from top to bottom to operate at optimum efficiency and this requires the periodic and…

In sequence 1, the protein that the DNA sequence coded for was Presenilin 2, also known as PSEN2. These proteins are developed from directions from the Presenilin Gene. One of the jobs of PSEN2 Gene is to process proteins that transmit chemical proteins from the cell membrane into the nucleus. From there they can activate genes, critical to cell growth and maturation (What is the normal function of the PSEN2 gene ). Processing amyloid precursor protein is also one of the main functions of PSEN2.…