External validity

30 households in each neighborhood) and assigns them into control and experimental groups. Before s/he starts her/his study, s/he knows that there are many factors would affect the internal validity in his study. Could you please help s/he to avoid those issues? Please: i. Identifying what factor of the validity issue you are interested in and briefly introduce it. ii. Giving an example on how this factor would affect the study…

adults, they were among the high statistics for the likelihood of becoming single parents themselves than those who grew up in intact families (Cherlin, Chase-Lansdale, McRae, 1998). Baxter, Weston, and Qu has found gaps in previous research as many external factors and characteristics were not taken into account and the impact of parental separation on children tended to be overstated. (Furstenberg & Kiernan, 2001). As relationship breakdowns do not occur randomly, factors predisposing parental…

and analyzes information through transcripts and coding; quantitative analyses the research through statistical analyses with a much larger sample (Gerschick). Although both have different approaches each must posses validity and reliability in order to be taken seriously. Validity and reliability allow the research to be agreed across the board with concepts and being further applicable on different social…

I would also add a question on gender of the athlete. The increase in independent variables would reduce some of the potential threat to internal validity. I would also bring coaches of the same region or area together in a common venue, such as a nearby school or library in hopes of reducing the location threat. Another possibility would be to administer the survey at individual schools, meeting…

correspond to the readings. Other approaches that may be applicable are: • If the reading reports an empirical study,then you could comment on methodological issues such as aspects of the study that might impact its internal validity, interpretability, or external validity in either positive or negative ways. You could identify the study’s strengths or weaknesses, ways to improve it, or avenues for future research that build upon this study. • Another way to reflect upon a reading…

Introduction The experiment was conducted as part of our stage 1 psychology unit on brain and behaviour where we explored the effects of caffeine on the reaction time of participants. Research surrounding caffeine is important to know the effects Caffeine affects the human body by increasing alertness and reduces fatigue as a result of stimulating the brain. In this experiment, the independent the amount of caffeine subjected to each individual in each group and the dependent variable was the…

conclusions should not be influenced by peripheral conditions. Thus to say that the outcome of an evaluation should have no bearing on the evaluation object. Validity According to Hughes and Niewenhuis (2005) validity is a measure of ‘appropriateness’ or ‘fitness for purpose’. Just as with reliability, there are three categories of validity: 1. Face validity: implies a match between what is being evaluated and how it is being done. For example, if you are evaluating how well someone can bake a…

concerns related to validity and reliability (measurement) faced the researcher? In the article, the researchers stated that one concern of validity and reliability was the cross sectional design. This was a concern because there were limitations to the study and causal connections could not be made. For example, the researchers could have compared Head start and non- Head start children to eliminate implications. On the other hand, the TRF demonstrated high reliability and validity because…

the study. External Validity: Threats: There were more autograft patients than allograft patients, which could potentially increase the number of patients that complained of pain. Autograft patients were younger than allograft patients. Some of the patients had other knee pathologies. Strengths: The subjective and objective scales were pretty straightforward and easy to understand. All patients followed the same rehabilitation making the outcomes fair. Statistical Validity: Threats:…

According to the seminar, research has come a long way. The external validation was not accurate due to the origins of the people researched and studied. It will be reliable if there is validation externally and internally when the research is repeated. The APA, American Psychological Association has published…