External iliac artery

Although anorexia nervosa wreaks havoc on most major organ systems of the body, the most life-threatening injury is done to the heart. Cardiovascular complications start with the loss of heart muscle, leading to abnormal heart rhythms and low blood pressure. As the emaciated body loses muscle, the heart muscle loses mass and complications such as bradycardia and hypotension arise. Brown and Mehler (2015) have observed, “bradycardia (pulse <60) and hypotension are among the most common…

I potentially could be at risk for COPD, due to an Alpha- 1 antitrypsin deficiency, which my grandma may have had as well and may or may not have passed it down to me (she most likely did not have this deficiency, but you never know). Because of this potential, I want to focus on healthier habits, which my goals will explain. According to Köhnlein and Welte in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment (2008), alpha- 1 antitrypsin deficiency is…

insufficient coronary blood flow due to the narrowing of coronary arteries. Inadequate amount of coronary blood flow and cause the onset of stable angina pain. D.(Incorrect) Increase intake of high-density lipoprotein does not lead to stable angina. In fact, it can reduce the number of atheromatous plaque in the arteries. Therefore, increase intake of high-density lipoproteins can reduce the chance of developing atherosclerotic coronary arteries, which in turn decrease the occurrence of stable…

Atherosclerosis is a disease where arteries thicken as cholesterol builds-up on their walls. A chronic inflammatory response in the arterial wall by the macrophage accumulation, promoted by low-density lipids.5 It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries that can lead to stroke and myocardial infarction. Macrophages tend to rupture plaques by releasing lytic???? enzymes that break plaques in the arteries. Biomarkers such as plasma lipid estimation and myeloperoxidase,…

There are many risks that arise with catheter ablation and cardioversion. Stroke and death are the main problems with these surgeries. What happens if these procedures don’t work? Is there another option for the patients to receive any treatment? If the heart is shocked three or four times in one cardioversion setting, how will the heart handle this treatment the next time the heart needs to be shocked? Is there a definite cure out there? Since antiarrhythmic drugs are potentially dangerous, is…

vessels and arteries. These vessels and arteries can sometimes become blocked due to an occlusion or pre-existing heart disease. The occlusion or pre-existing condition can be affected if there is a lack or decrease of oxygen being supplied to the heart muscle. Hypoxic cell injury is a mechanism where oxygen levels are decreased to the myocardial cells of the heart and results in atherosclerosis. Blood flows through each of the coronary arteries independently. When one of the arteries is…

ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood. There is an inverse relationship between afterload and stroke volume. Factors that affect afterload include age due to stiffness and less contraction of the muscular arteries, increase of blood pressure and constriction of the arteries. The heart simply ejects all of the extra blood that filled it. However, increased in stroke volume leads to an increase in cardiac output and arterial pressure therefore the afterload of ventricles increases, over…

A speculum is inserted into the vagina to clear an opening so that the cervical ostium can be localized and cleansed. A sterile saline flushed catheter is advanced through the cervical ostium into the cervical canal, where its balloon tip is inflated to hold the catheter in place. The vaginal probe can now be inserted while a sterile saline filled syringe is attached to the catheter. The saline is pushed through the syringe and through the catheter while the transducer moves from left to right…

Ischemic heart disease is when there is a partial blockage of the coronary arteries, which can result in not having enough oxygenated blood. Symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath arise from this CVD. Cerebrovascular disease, also known as a stroke, indicates an issue with the circulation of blood in the blood vessels…

Venous return is the flow of blood back to the heart. This process is achieved by five mechanisms. The Pressure Gradient, now this mechanisms work via the heart generating pressure even though the pressure is weaker in the veins than in the arteries it is still the most important force in the venous flow. Gravity, but only when you are sitting or standing anywhere above the heart simple gravity is at work in returning blood back to the heart, not to say that very thing isn’t still working…