External carotid artery

The metabolic regulation of arteriolar vascular resistance is variably affected by CO2, O2, pH/lactate formation, adenosine, and nitric oxide. Neurogenic regulation refers to sympathetic tone on the cerebral arteries leading to mild tonic vasoconstriction, allowing for higher limits on the autoregulation curve; in contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system plays little role in cerebral autoregulation . Measuring the limits of cerebral vascular autoregulation…

I am going to be doing Long QT Syndrome because it is something I can relate to in real life. Long QT syndrome is a disorder of your heart and affects electrical activity. The symptoms of Long QT are dizziness, unexplained fainting, feeling faint, and black outs WIth a bad enough symptom and no treatment then it can cause uncontrollable arrhythmias and maybe even death. A fun fact is that I actually have long QT Syndrome. So every year I go to the cardiologist to get a heart monitor. I also…

The arteries are blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to all organs in the body during the heart pulses. During the blood circulation a pressure is exerted on the walls of the blood vessels or arteries. The case where the ability of such walls to expand or contract in response to blood pressure changes is called Arterial Stiffness (AS). Arteries need to be flexible to expand when oxygen is needed by muscles and heart, and stiffening of the arteries place an extra load on heart which…

Mitral Valve Prolapse is a very common heart condition; with one in four people having it with a lot of them not even knowing they have it. Mitral Valve Prolapse is the improper closure of the valve in the heart between the upper and lower chambers. The mitral valve in the heart consists of two flaps and when they do not close properly, it causes the prolapse. It can cause extra blood to leak into the heart. Mitral Valve Prolapse consists of two forms, classic and non-classic. Classic is when…

Heart rate variability is the normal beat-to-beat alterations of heart rate and reflects the ANS’s ability to respond to the environment (McMillan, 2002). Heart rate variability measurements were obtained from 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram recordings and derive from the analysis of consecutive R-R intervals (Gang & Malik, 2003). The predominant method for analysis of HRV is time and frequency domain analysis, and these measurements also provide information about ANS activity (Gang &…

Orthostatic Hypotension has several key factors that help contribute to the cause of this condition. This condition usually occurs when something disrupts the body's normal course of counteracting low blood pressure. This condition is common in people over the age of 65. Dehydration causes orthostatic hypotension by your body losing blood volume. Some heart conditions such as bradycardia, heart valve problems, heart attack, and heart failure can cause this condition by preventing the body from…

Different application of MRI can be used such as Flair, which is as normal MRI imaging, but this is where you take scans of the brain and the computer can take away any fluid present in the image, so what you are left with in the image is just brain tissue, which will let you see lesions, or origins of a hemorrhage. The diagnostics of hyper acute infarction and ischaemia is mainly done by diffusion –weighted imaging (DWI). DWI is sensitive to diffusion of water molecules within tissue. The…

The purpose of this experiment was to understand osmosis, however, the deeper importance was that it could be compared to a real cell in our body. The egg in this lab can represent a red blood cell. When cells such as red blood cells are placed in pure water, water enters them through osmosis and they swell up. If this continues for a long period of time, they have a great chance of bursting. On the other hand, when cells are placed in a lower concentrated solution, water leaves them through…

Introduction This experiment will examine the effects of age and gender on blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood against the inside walls of the arteries. As blood moves throughout the body, it pushes against these walls, keeping it moving throughout the body (Mader, 2016). As the arteries become narrower, due to a buildup of plaque, the pressure on the inside walls increases and blood pressure rises. This can result in hypertension, or high blood pressure, which forces the heart…

internal jugular veins as well. As the external jugular veins descend through the lateral neck, they pass obliquely over the sternocleidomastoid muscles and then empty into the subclavian veins. The brachiocephalic vein a vein that returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper limbs, neck, and head to the heart. There is a brachiocephalic vein on the left side of the neck and one on the right. The two brachiocephalic veins merge together with the azygos vein, which carries deoxygenated blood from…