Exercise physiology

highest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and used by the body every minute during intense exercise (2). It is measured in mL/kg/min, defined as the milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute. VO2max is generally measured by using a maximal exercise test to physical voluntary exhaustion where speed or power are increased consistently, requiring more oxygen uptake each phase. (1) Exercise intensities are characterized into four domains based on the oxygen uptake (VO2)…

pumps throughout your body; both of which limit athletic performance. In opposition of when younger athletes exercise, the size of the muscle in the walls of the heart chambers increase. Which the younger athletes have a lower heart rate. In other words, the heart is able to slow down because it is working more efficiently. In older athletes, heart muscle size is not increased by exercise to the same degree. Aging also leads to a decrease in overall lung capacity and a decline in the ability of…

circulatory system.When speed was applied into the human body, it was noted that the heartbeat of the body had increased. The breathing rate also increased showing that indeed, force does make the body work harder. Speed was obtained by performing an exercise that required force. The faster the speed, the more the body worked and more the heart rate and the breathing rate increased.…

McArdle (2015) “..usual activity modes include treadmill running or walking, bench stepping, and stationary cycling. In accord with exercise test and training specificity, other forms of testing employ free tethered, and flume swimming, swim-bench ergometry, in-line skating, roller skiing, simulated arm-leg climbing, rowing, ice-skating and arm-crank and wheelchair exercise.” (p.237) There are many limitations with both laboratory and field tests. As stated by Ramsbottm, Brewer, and Williams,…

Sports by their very nature are very competitive and even a marginal improvement in performance, endurance and strength can spell the difference between winning and losing. It has been noted in our society today that the use of steroids in sports is illegal. Steroids can lead to an unfair advantage for those who utilize them. An unfair advantage in this situation would be giving an athlete who has the same capabilities as another, like the same coach, training and skillset, a leg up by having…

as cardio, is a form of low to high intensity physical exercise. Aerobic literal meaning is “involving, requiring or relating to free oxygen”. A typical aerobic session increases the heart rate and breathing rate to burn more fats (more on that later). It works on the rule of pumping one’s heart rate up. This oxygenated blood supplied by heart to the working muscles meet energy demands during an exercise session. Typically Aerobic exercises include: running, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming,…

one minute. At the start, the Phosphagen system immediately took place. This system, also called the ATP-PC system is the quickest way to re-synthesize ATP, and is a rapid supply of energy. This process occurs withing the first 6 seconds of intense exercise, and is an anaerobic component due to the absence of oxygen. After this short burst, the glycolytic system kicks in. During the glycolytic system, glucose is broken down to create…

may still use anaerobic respiration for some with a more speedy finish. Athletes train their bodies to maximise the performance of their respiratory and circulatory system, but also to increase their tolerance to the lactic acid. After strenuous exercise has ended, the body responds by continuing to breathe deeply, even though the muscles no longer need the extra energy they did a few seconds before” (http://www.biotopics.co.uk/newgcse/exerciseeffects.html). “This is because the body has built…

performance. Running can also help the respiratory system. The heart delivers oxygen to the muscles. The muscles work harder during exercise, like running, requiring the body to use more oxygen and therefore create more carbon dioxide. This increases the lung's oxygen capacity and strengthens the muscles of the lungs. Running also helps improve the digestive system. Regular exercise helps improve digestion and elimination. It slows down the system in order to conserve energy for the muscles.…

During exercise, energy demands increase readily. Heart rate and blood pressure increase to pump blood throughout the body, providing ample amounts of oxygen to the muscle cells. As workload increases, the demand for oxygen increases. As a result, the body becomes depleted of most of its oxygen and energy capacity post-exercise. Muscle oxygenation is needed to increase after exercise to replenish energy loses and to repair the damaged muscle tissues. Glycolysis, the metabolic process of…