European Court of Justice

During the reign of Louis XIV, the French became an increasingly hostile actor in European and world affairs, particular following the Austro-Spanish Habsburgs war in 1635 (Stone 2002, p. 15). France’s relationship with Britain and Austria was particularly strained, with Britain considered the biggest international territorial threat…

ended up hurting the area more than helping. The already clashing peoples of the Hutu and Tutsi were pulled farther apart from Belgian control, the Belgians favoring the already powerful Tutsi and further separating the two ethnic groups (22). Most Europeans highly favored the Tutsi, preferring their tall stature and lighter skin. The Belgians even “further reinforced the territory’s ethnic distinctions and corresponding hierarchy when they began requiring that an individual’s ethnic group be…

Statutory interpretation may be required when the meaning of the legislation enacted by the Parliament is unclear. This may occur due to many reasons such as; legislation failing to consider a specific point, a broad term being used to cover numerous possibilities , ambiguity, a drafting error, new technological developments, and changes in the use of language over time. In this essay I will attempt to answer whether statutory interpretation gives unelected judges unprecedented power to…

Book Critique: Racial Equality in America, by John Hope Franklin. This paper is developed to display a summary of "Racial Equality in America", by John Hope Franklin, and to make a critique of the book. The first part shows information about the author and the credentials that confirm him as an important spokesman for racial equality in America. Also, after the summary, I will try to give my humble vision on how to change the "obsession" of Americans regarding racism (adjective copied by me…

American history. Marshall proposed a plan that would offer billions of American dollars to distraught European countries thereby establishing an unprecedented level of US peacetime involvement in European affairs. This plan to “save” Europe was called the Economic Relief Program (ERP) better known as the Marshall Plan. Many at the time thought that this Plan was a true outstretched arm to help all European countries, however looking back it becomes clear that there was an ulterior motive when…

the United States gained possession of the Native American land and one of the arguments were that since white settlers discovered the land it was rightfully theirs and that the Native Americans were incapable of using the land properly. Supreme Court Justice John Marshall tried to defend this ruling by stating that the Native Americans were unruly savages that were too aggressive to handle the responsibility of owning land. Additionally, Marshall believed that the Native Americans should have…

The theory of separation of powers is an idea that leads us back to ancient Greek times. It is a doctrine which represents a way of analysing government and the extent to which a state organises the distribution of power in its different branches. The ancient Greeks in their wisdom looked at the government as being formed by three separate functions. Moreover, the political philosopher Montesquieu reached the threshold of a more meaningful explanation of the doctrine by saying that ‘there can be…

Byzantine was an empire lost to the void of time, its memory wiped from minds of all. Lars Brownworth, an established author, tried to do justice to the book and offer a voice to the ones drowned out by the pages of history. He told the stories of a great empire that served as a ground of rebirth for a crumbling Rome, rescuing it from a certain doom, in an attempt to expose one to the history of Byzantine vast enough to rival the lands of the empire during the reign of Justinian. The author…

America is a unique nation with a diverse population, an unusual culture, and irreplaceable history. Yep, America has it all. Regardless of the above statement more than a few people have questioned is America a Christian nation? There are those that profess undoubtable America is a Christian nation and those that proclaim profusely it is not. From the Founding Fathers to the design of the Government right up to what America is doing today has been used by both parties to prove America’s…

Brief History Immigration has been a huge issue throughout American history. It continues to remain a topic of extreme pro et contra, being fueled by success stories of undocumented/unaccompanied youth who beat the odds, graduated college and have careers, as well as by sensationalizing incendiary commentary such as that of Donald Trump, who stated that Mexicans are nothing more than “drug dealers” and “rapists,” which further demonizes the Latino immigrant. The United States experienced a…