European Coal and Steel Community

European integration led to the empowerment of its other institutions, the Court of justice of the European Union (CJEU) as a result has taken an essential active role in the European Union by forming the Union’s legal order. Initially, the European Union envisaged as an international organisational for the purposes for economic and political interest has further developed in which the courts have permitted individuals to enforce rights under European Union law in national courts. Although the…

still rooted deeply within the European Union’s policy. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome created the basis for gender equality in the United Kingdom. According to Article 119, all member states must legally provide equal pay for work of equal value, and this was applied to the United Kingdom when the nation decided to join the EU in 1973. (European Commission 2017). Similar to the United State’s Constitution that dictates federal law has supremacy over state law, the European Court…

The Evolution of Collective Security to Collective Defence in NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) adopted the principle of collective security framework based on the concept of collective defence. Collective security and collective defence are different. This can be seen on the philosophies underlying their use. Collective defence affiliated with realism while collective security is liberalism. In international relations perspective, realism main concern is their self-interest. All…

the British people voted by referendum to join the European Economic Community. But that wasn’t too fair a referendum now, was it? You see, the British people only gave input to join an economic community which has since transformed to the European Community, and now the European Union without the consent of the British people. Since our admittance to the EU, our right to self-govern has slowly dwindled away. Right now, for example, the European Union makes 75% of our laws. They tell us who we…

widely varying degrees of development observed globally have less to do with natural stages of development and more to do with relations of economic exploitation and geopolitical power, especially those structured by the legacy of the periods of European colonization and American imperialism,” (Little & McGivern, 2013, p.562). This argument no long hold waters. I was here before. Now looking at the trend of global socio-economic and political development for the past twenty years. I changed mind…

Leases over 3years must be registered with land register but a licence is terminated whenever requested by the owner. Unless a tenant has exclusive possession there is no lease but a mere licence. This can be shown in the case Street v Mountford [1985], where Ms Wendy Mountford had concluded an agreement with the landlord for exclusive residential occupation (of…

As we know parliamentary sovereignty is very important within the UK law. To express the importance, parliamentary supremacy means that parliament has unlimited legal power to act within any law without external restraint. In R V A-G 2006, Lord Bingham described this as the bedrock to the british constitution. Parliamentary supremacy came into the UK in 1689. This was after King James II had tried to use Royal prerogatives to favour the catholics. William of Orange and Mary did not approve and…

To better understand what Brexit is, one has to go back a few years to the formation of the European Committees. These committees were developed to allow for a single trade market and a standardization of systematic laws which would help bring prosperity and stability to the then non-united European region. Eventually, in the mid-1990’s, the European Committees developed into what is now known as the European Union which would eventually include 28-member states. The term Brexit refers to the…

Europeanization of the Balkans. Case study of Croatia as an EU MS and Montenegro as an applicant member. 2. Croatia as an Intermediate between the European Commission and Applicant MSs in the Western Balkans. Croatia-Montenegro Relations. 3. The Balkans from Communist dissolution to European Integration. Development in Croatia and Montenegro. A) Description: European integration in the Balkans, in specific Croatia and Montenegro, has been crucial whether to achieve or not achieve full…

Student Name: Nora Casey Student Number: 16164091 Module Name: Comparative European Politics Module Code: PO4023 Lecturer: Rory Costello Introduction: The majority of European states are run in accordance with the principles of parliamentary government. These principles consist of a set of institutions and behaviour patterns that give an important task to political parties. A parliamentary election is an election to select the members of a national parliament . Elections…