Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an oxidoreductase found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. LDH catalyses the formation of lactate and NAD+ from pyruvate and NADH, during the last step of anaerobic glycolysis. The reaction is also catalysed in the other direction by LDH during the Cori cycle. This reaction can be assayed using spectrophotometric techniques; peak absorbance of NADH is at 340nm, but the peak absorbance of NAD+ is 259nm (Powers, et al., 2007). Enzyme assays are performed to measure…
GENE REGULATION: Gene regulation is the method of limiting the genes in the cell’s DNA, which are expressed. It is utilize to form a functional manufacture for an example protein. Various cells in a multi cellular organism might express very difficult group of genes. Although, they consist the similar DNA. Human having over ten thousands of genes in their genome. Cells are expressed the all genes. Even an organism as simple as bacterium must carefully regulate gene expression. Ensuring that the…
Links between the human immune system, pathogens, antibiotic resistance and mutations are discussed in this report. It is stated that the antibiotic resistance and overuse of vaccine has contributed to the increased incidence of emerging diseases and resistance to their controls and treatments. The human immune system is the protection of the body against potentially damaging foreign bodies and other disease. Pathogens are organisms, including a bacterium, a virus or a fungus and these causes…
Introduction Epigenetics, “above-genetics” is concerned with the mechanism that underlies developmental processes and canalization that are neither necessarily transmitted nor brought about by changes in the DNA sequence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. At the cellular level it focuses on the developmental process that leads to cell determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the…
cerevisiae, cadmium is bound by glutathione, and the resulting cadmium-bis-glutathione to complex is transported by an ABC transporter the YCF1p transporter, into the vacuole (Li et al., 1996; Li et al., 1997). This may be a general principle in all eukaryotes. The multidrug-resistance-associated protein from man may complement YCF1 mutation with respect to cadmium resistance (Tommasini et al., 1996). In cyanobacteria transport may also be necessary for cadmium resistance because it contains…
Materials and method Microorganisms are classified in to the three domains of life. The organism that is predominately found in our environment is bacteria closely followed by archaea and eukaryote. Although, microorganism might seem similar, they are different interims of their structures, biochemical composition, and the habitat they adopt. Conducting an extensive test on microorganism has many benefits. We can protect our self’s from different types of infectious disease. In the unknown…
“Merry Christmas!” You cheered as you entered the science lab where Zack and Hodgins were working. “Merry Christmas, y/n,” Hodgins said warmly. Zack didn’t say anything in response, instead examine the amount of liquid in a beaker. You honestly had no idea what he was doing, and had absolutely no desire to be told. When he didn’t look up after Hodgins greeted you, you rolled your eyes in good nature before wrapping yourself around him and kissing his cheek. “You know,” you said in a…
explain the flow of genetic material; starting with replication of DNA then transcription of DNA to RNA and finally translation from RNA to protein. DNA replication is needed to conserve the continuous gene expression. In most prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA is double stranded, and during replication the strands split in half…
Nobel prize committee find their discovery so important? Drs ezilabeth Blackburn, Jack Szostak and Carol Greiders discovery of telomeres and telomerases can be considered as one of the key milestones in our understanding of DNA replication in eukaryotes as they helped us figure out how the ends of linear chromosomes are replicated. There discovery of telomeres and telomerase did not only fil A DNA molecule is made up of two strands of polynucleotides which can be described as anti-parallel…
Biochemistry is the “structure and function” within living organisms through chemical processes (Revier). Being able to master the subject is a driven force that grasped my attention to continue pursuing my academics through this major. My interest for the subject grew as I conducted further research to determine the benefits of having a degree in biochemistry and how it would aid me in the long runs by having a successful future. Simultaneously, I enrolled in an Introduction to Biochemistry…