Eukaryote

INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neurological disorder, affecting 1 in every 2500 people.1 The disease attacks the peripheral nervous system, progressively reducing nerve conduction speed in the body’s extremities resulting in gradual muscle weakness, sensory loss, and muscle atrophy.2 Affected individuals in the initial stages of the disease suffer from feet and hand deformities that limit function and sensation. Moreover, in advanced cases patients…

Eukaryotes (which contain a nucleus) have their genetic information stored in the nucleus in the form of chromosomes; while prokaryotes, (which do not contain a nucleus) have DNA floating in the cytoplasm in the form of plasmid. Nucleotides that make up DNA…

Barring some startling event of miraculous time travel, I will never meet one of the most crucially influential figures of my early life. He spent his life in Great Britain while I hail from the state of Maine and, moreover, he died in 1963. That C.S. Lewis and I will remain strangers for all of infinity doesn’t really matter, because of how I read what he wrote. Lewis’s Chronicles of Narnia taught me countless lessons in morality, friendship, family, magic, faith in the ultimate goodness of the…

Learning Journal Unit 6 – Introduction to Biology University of the People Author: Murray Ball - Thursday, December, 22nd, 2016 Featured Characteristics of the Common Snapping Turtles Phylum In your assigned readings, you were introduced to the major animal phyla. Choose an animal which represents a particular phylum. Briefly describe its features characteristic of its phylum including morphology, embryology, and physiology. Identify adaptations of your animal compared with other animals. If…

Tetrahymenas are freshwater ciliated protozoan and are the ideal candidates for the study of cells for students (Bozzone 1). Another benefit of using tetrahymena is that they can be easily grown in a lab. These eukaryotes are found in fresh water ponds, streams, and lakes (Ciliate Genomic Consortium). Phagocytosis carried out by only a few organisms that are specialized for the uptake of large particles from the environment (Karp 315). The tertrahymena feeds by undertaking…

SNARE Proteins Membrane fusion is a function of cell division and cell growth. The machinery used in membrane fusion is also a component of memory and learning. SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors) proteins function in membrane fusion. They also ensure specificity in regulating membrane docking and fusion in exocytosis process and at the pre-synaptic plasma membrane. There are questions regarding how SNARE proteins specificity is enacted and…

A protein is a macromolecule found in cells. A macromolecule is made up smaller molecules. Similarly, a protein is made of up of many smaller molecules called amino acids. Inside of a living cell. Proteins are built in the ribosome, an organelle inside of a cell. Many structures such as tissues and organs are made of proteins. They are the main components of hair, skin, muscle, heat and other important organs. Many important part of a living organism depend on these to proteins to function…

studies report that approximately 2-4% of the speciation events in angiosperms were caused by polyploidy. Sympatric speciation in plants was believed to be due to polyploidy. Polyploidy was also involved in the speciation of flowering plants and eukaryotes. The presence of gene redundancy in organisms is because of genome duplication and polyploidy. Polyploidization process is believed to be followed by genomic rearrangement or gene slicing which facilitates diploidization. Polyploidy results to…

Subsequently, other families of GFP variants were discovered and GFP mutants were engineered. These families of GFP-like proteins were discovered in a class of non-bioluminescent Anthozoa (corals). These GFP-like variants have differing properties with regards to chromophore, excitation and emission wavelengths (Tsien & Tsien, 1998) e.g. red & later in other coral species - yellow, cyan and orange. The only other species that fluoresces green is Renilla reniformis (Matz et al., 1999).…

Introduction The field of telomere biology has been an active area of research in recent time, especially so following the work by Hayflick and Olovnikov. Expanding on his, Elizabeth Blackburn and Joseph Gall noticed that the end of the chromosomes from Tetrahymena thermophila contained the six base sequence TTGGGG iterated many times (Blackburn and Gall, 1978). Over the decades, literature has arisen that has revealed many things regarding telomeres. However, as with the case with many…