Eukaryote

Mitosis is a process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells developing from a single parent cell. Meiosis is a type of cell division resulting in the production of sperm or eggs that have half the chromosomes of the parent cell. Mitosis and meiosis are similar in a way that they are both ways in which cells reproduce. Mitosis and Meiosis both occur in humans and animals. In both cases (Mitosis and Meiosis), cells copy DNA and make new cells based on the…

2.1 Microalgae. The term microalgae refer to the microscopic algae and the oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, i.e. the cyanobacteria, formerly known as Cyanophyceae (Richmond 2004). The word algae represent a large group of different organisms from different phylogenetic groups, representing many taxonomic divisions. In general algae can be referred to as plant-like organisms that are usually photosynthetic and aquatic, but do not have true roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissue and have simple…

As we all know and have been studying as scientist that the cell is the basic unit of life. The cell provides structure for the body, takes in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients to energy and carries out specialized functions. The cell is composed of many parts, all with different functions. The cell is made up of two major parts which include the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which can also be referred to as the nuclear membrane which is…

2.1. Biocellulose definition Cellulose is the main component of plant cell wall. Some bacteria produce cellulose (called biocellulose or bacterial cellulose). Plant cellulose and bacterial cellulose have the same chemical structure (Fig.2.1), but different chemical and physical properties (Lin et al., 2016). The molecular formula of bacterial cellulose (C6H10O5)n is the same as that of plant cellulose, but their chemical and physical features are different. Biocellulose is preferred over the…

Cellular manufacturing is an application of Group Technology in which machines or processes have been aggregated into cells, each of which is dedicated to production of a part or product family or limited group of families. Parts with similar processing requirements are identified; these are then placed into logical groups called part families and the equipment requirements for each part family are subsequently determined. A part family is a collection of parts which are similar either because…

TOPIC: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI Before we discuss the economic importance of fungi let us have a brief study about what fungi really are. Fungi are multicellular, eukaryotic, non-chlorophyllous, living organisms which feed heterotrophically by absorption and have a cell wall made up of fungal cellulose and have a body made up of hyphae called mycelium. In this universe each and everything has its own economic advantages and disadvantages. Let us first study the advantages of fungi…

It is said that ‘’ Nature has invented reproduction as a mechanism for life to move forward. As a life force it passes right through us and makes us a link in the evolution’’. Reproduction is one of the essentials elements to live it is one of the characteristics of all living things; in fact, The process by which gametes are formed is the Gametogenesis which, is the combination of meiotic and mitotic divisions that happen to form gametes; although, spermatogenesis and oogenesis both do happen…

Which Food Does the Plasmodial SlimeMold, Physarum sp. Prefer to Eat.Introduction: Physarum polycephalum is a slime mold that inhabits shady, cool,moist areas, such as decaying leaves and logs. Like slime molds in general, it issensitive to light; in particular, light can repel the slime mold and be a factor intriggering spore growth. Scientists called to the scene, however, put any fears ofmenacing goo or alien creatures to rest by identifying the mass as an unusually large(46 centimeters or…

The LMNA gene (1q21-22, MIM 150330) encodes two proteins of the nuclear envelope – lamin A and C. They are intermediate filament proteins necessary for function and structural integrity of the nucleus. Lamins consist of an amino-terminal head domain, a coiled-coil central rod domain and a carboxy-terminal tail domain (Fig. 1A). They form dimers by rod domains and then associate in head-to-tail polymers creating complex network conjunction with other proteins located underneath the inner membrane…

Jorunal #2 Molecules and Cells 1. During the first weeks of Bio 001 lectures, we discussed “what it means to be alive”, and then we discussed the concept of “emergent properties” in the origin of functional molecules and cells. What is meant by “emergent properties” in biology? In biology, emergent properties are when parts of an organism interact with one another to perform a specific function. It is important to note that an emergent property is not exhibited by one part alone. Usually,…