Euclid's Elements

Haines et al., A neutron diffraction study of quartz-type FePO4: high-temperature behavior and αβ phase transition Kristallogr. 218, 193-200 (2003) Paragraph 1 Crystal chemical relationship between quartz (SiO2) and FePO4 Silicon dioxide is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula of SiO2. SiO2 is a chemical compound most commonly found in Quartz and it has a space group of P3121. The lattice symmetry of SiO2 is tetrahedron, where there are 4 oxygen atoms covalently bonded to the silicon…

Introduction Silver, like gold, is found in a native state; frequently too it occurs as an alloy containing gold, which is recognized, when the silver is dissolved in nitric acid, as the black sediment or oxide of gold. Arsenic and antimony are found also alloyed with it. Several of the ores of lead and copper contain silver. As silver is a precious metal often used for coins, its mining has historically often been lucrative. As with other precious metals such as gold, newly discovered deposits…

CHAPTER 1 TIN OXIDE 1.1 Introduction Tin dioxide, also known by the systematic name tin(IV) oxide and stannic oxide in the older notation, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO2. The mineral form of SnO2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is the most important raw material in tin chemistry. This colorless, diamagnetic solid is amphoteric. 1.2 Structure It crystallises with the rutile structure, wherein the tin atoms are six…

Paragraph 1 Sphalerite and wurtzite are the two polymorphs of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS). Sphalerite follows the space group F-43m, wurtzite is of the space group P63mc, and both polymorphs have the same formula of (Zn, Fe)S. The crystal chemical relationship between the two can be discussed by looking at the capability of transformation between the two polymorphs, known as polymorphism. This is due to the same SnS4 polyhedral found in both. Yet even though this is so, the two differ when we look at…

However, their crystal chemistry is vastly different. The elements that makes up a quartz includes 2 Silicon atoms and 1 Oxygen atom, while the elements that makes up an Iron Phosphate includes 1 Iron atom, 1 Phosphorus atom and 4 Oxygen atoms. The quartz and FePO4 can fit into the same structure is due to the charge of their component atoms. Silicon (Si)…

Atoms are the most basic building blocks, everything around us are made out of atoms. Atoms are so small that it can’t be found under the finest microscopes. A tiny spec of dust contains millions of billions of atoms! Even though atoms are tiny, but it actually consist of three different particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. In every atom, electrons move around the nucleus, the combination of protons and neutrons. The idea of an atom was first discovered by the ancient Greeks, they…

Every element has its own symbol ,atomic number ,and atomic mass. The symbol is letters of the element, atomic number is the number of protons, and atomic mass is the mass of the element. The Symbol for Calcium is `Ca’ and the atomic number is 20, and the mass number is 40.078 u. Family. The periodic table is classified into groups and every group(row) has its own properties. Calcium is in group 2 ,and this is the second most reactive group of the periodic table. Each of the elements in…

because of the many different colors in the element. This element is hard, metallic and shiny. Chromium doesn't tarnish. Chromium is a metal element. Chromium's symbol is "Cr" and has an atomic number of 24. This metal is the first element in group 6. It has an Atomic mass of 52.0. Chromium has 4 known isotopes. Chromium is a "transitional metal." The other family members in period 6 are molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and seaborgium (Sg). All elements in group 6 are transitional metals.…

periodic trends of the first 36 elements that are on the periodic table. Trends that were analyzed and examined are the atomic radius (AR) and the first ionization energy (IE) of the 36 elements. The hypothesis for this lab was that the elements that are in the groups that had the highest atomic radius would be in the same groups as those who have the the highest first ionization energy and the groups who have the lowest atomic radius would be in the same groups as those elements who have the…

Linus Pauling Linus Pauling was born on February 28,1901 in Portland, Oregon. He started his early education in Oregon. When he graduated from the Oregon Agricultural college in Corvallis (Now is called Oregon State University) in 1922, he had a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering. For his postgraduate study Linus went to the California Institute of Technology(A.K.A. Caltech). There, he got his Ph.D in chemistry and mathematical physics in 1925. Once he joined the Caltech faculty in 1927,…